论移民社会的宗教徒身份——以美国华裔佛教徒为例  

On the Identity of Religious Believers in the Immigration Society:A Case Study on Chinese-American Buddhists

作　　者：李四龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学哲学系宗教学系,北京100871

出　　处：《北京大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2013年第4期49-58,共10页Journal of Peking University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：美国佛教具有移民性和族群性的双重特点,亚裔佛教徒约占全美佛教徒的70%—80%,非亚裔佛教徒,主要包括欧裔、非裔和拉美裔佛教徒。佛教徒的身份,有助于彼此超越族群之间的界限。美国的华裔佛教徒,其佛教身份能淡化华人在美国的族群意识,拉近与美国主流社会的距离,同时强化了与中国文化的传统联系,并能借此形成复杂的社会关系网络。也就是说,在美国这样的移民社会里,宗教徒身份并没有加剧族群或宗教之间的矛盾与冲突。若能彰显宗教的文化内涵,淡化族群的政治色彩,在人口流动日趋频繁的全球化时代,宗教徒身份有利于构建多元一体的文化体系和社会结构。当然,宗教信仰代表某种价值观或道德伦理,外来宗教徒首先需要尊重当地的社会风俗或主流价值,否则难有立足之地。American Buddhism has two outstanding characteristics, including the nature of immigration and ethnicity. Asian-American Buddhists occupy 70 - 80% of the whole Buddhists in America. Non-Asian- American Buddhists mainly include those Buddhist followers who or whose ancestors were from Europe, Africa or Latin America. In fact, the identity of Buddhist followers can effectively help them go beyond the boundary between ethnic groups. For example, the identity of Chinese-American Buddhists has helped them weaken their self-consciousness as Chinese in America, and shorten their distance from American mainstream society. Meanwhile, this identity has also helped them strengthen their traditional association with Chinese culture, thus gradually forming a complex network of social relationship. That is to say, the identity of religious believers won＇ t aggravate the contradiction and confrontation between various ethnic or religious groups in such an immigration society as America. Then, if the cultural connotation of a religion is emphasized, and the political coloration of an ethnic group is weakened, the identity of religious believers will be beneficial for the construction of a pluralistic and integral cultural system and social structure in the era of globalization with ever -increasing population mobility. Of course, as a religious belief represents certain values, morality and ethics, the believers of a religion from outside must first of all respect the local social customs and the mainstream values. Otherwise, the foreign religion can hardly establish itself locally.

关 键 词：美国佛教 宗教认同 文化认同 族群 移民 

分 类 号：B911[哲学宗教—宗教学]