适宜机插株行距提高不同穗型粳稻产量  

Suitable spacing in and between rows of plants by machinery improves yield of different panicle type japonica rices

作　　者：胡雅杰 邢志鹏 龚金龙 张洪程 戴其根 霍中洋 许轲 魏海燕 李德剑 沙安勤 周有炎 刘国林 陆秀军 刘国涛 朱嘉炜 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学农业部长江流域稻作技术创新中心/扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室,扬州225009 [2]江苏省兴化市农业局,兴化225700

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2013年第14期33-44,共12页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划重大项目(2011BAD16B03);超级稻配套栽培技术开发与集成(农业部专项);江苏省农业科技自主创新基金项目(CX[2]1003.9);江苏省科技支撑计划(BE2012301);江苏省高校优势学科建设工程资助

摘　　要：为探明不同穗型粳稻品种合理机插株行距配置、产量形成规律及其物质生产特征,以大穗型品种甬优2640、甬优8号,中穗型品种武运粳24号、宁粳3号和小穗型品种淮稻5号、淮稻10号为材料,研究了机插株行距对不同穗型粳稻品种产量、叶面积指数、光合势、物质生产与积累、群体生长率和净同化率的影响。结果表明:大穗型行距30cm机插,扩大株距,利于形成大穗而高产;中穗型2种行距机插平均产量相当,但行距30cm机插生育后期透风透光条件好,利于提高千粒重和结实率,产量潜力高;小穗型行距25cm机插显著增加穗数而高产。大穗型行距30cm机插抽穗、成熟期叶面积指数大,粒叶比高,叶面积衰减率低,抽穗期群体质量优,生育中后期光合势大、群体生长率和净同化率高,从而物质积累量高;中穗型行距30cm机插生物学产量略低,但收获指数高;小穗型行距25cm机插群体基本苗多,叶面积指数和光合势大,生育中后期群体生长率和净同化率高,物质积累量高。因此,大、中穗型宜采用行距30cm机插,小穗型宜采用行距25cm机插,并配套相应株距,能充分发挥不同穗型粳稻品种产量潜力。Mechanical transplanted rice had many advantages, such as stabilizing yield, saving cost, maintaining high efficiency and freeing labor, and its area was larger and larger in China in recent years. It was reported that the existing row-spacing of mechanical transplanted rice was too big in some rice cultivars with small panicle. Therefore, three panicle types of rice cultivars including large panicle type （LPT include yongyou 2640 and yongyou 8） and medium panicle type （MPT include wuyunjing 24, ningjing 3） and small panicle type （SPT include huaidao 5, huaidao 10） were grown in the field in 2011 and 2012 to investigate the reasonable row-plant spacing of each type of cultivars, the characteristics of dry matter production and the rules of yield formation in mechanical transplanted rice. And the effect of row-plant spacing on grain yield and yield components, leaf area index （LAI）, photosynthetic potential （PP）, dry matter production and accumulation, crop growth rate （CGR） and net assimilation rate （NAR） were all studied. Results showed that with 30cm row-spacing and expanded plant spacing, it is easy for LPT to obtain high yield due to the larger size of panicle. For MPT, There was no significant difference in grain yield between RS30 （row-spacing of 30cm in mechanical transplanted japonica rice） and RS25 （row-spacing of 25 cm in mechanical transplanted japonica rice）, but RS30 had higher yield potential because of well wind and light conditions which may improve filled-grain percentage and 1000-grain weight. For SPT, RS25 was conductive to increase the basic seedlings, and with stable spikelets per panicle, it will obtain high yield because of the significant increase of panicles per unit area. With plant-spacing increased, panicles per unite area of different varieties decreased while spikelets per panicle increased significantly. The filled-grain percentage and 1000-grain weight of RS30 were all higher than that of RS25. With RS30, LPT had higher LAI at heading and maturit

关 键 词：农业机械 耕作 光合 株行距 穗型 机插粳稻 产量 

分 类 号：S223.1[农业科学—农业机械化工程] S233.71[农业科学—农业工程]