寒区温室型犊牛舍的设计与应用效果  

Design and application effect of greenhouse calf barn in cold region

作　　者：栾冬梅[1] 齐贺[1] 赵靖[1] 张永根[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学动物科学技术学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2013年第14期195-202,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划课题(2012BAD12B05);国家奶牛产业技术体系(CARS-37)

摘　　要：为了给寒区犊牛提供适宜的生存环境,该文设计并建造了一种温室型犊牛舍。以传统犊牛舍为对照,对其温热环境和空气质量进行了测定和评价。结果表明:在舍外平均气温为-17.3℃、相对湿度为68%的条件下,犊牛岛休息区、温室型犊牛舍和传统犊牛舍内的平均气温分别为0.9、-0.7和-4.5℃,平均相对湿度分别为65%、59%和95%,平均内表面温度分别为5.7、0.8和-5.9℃;温室型犊牛舍和传统犊牛舍的CO2质量浓度分别为2441和3096mg/m3,NH3质量浓度分别为0和3.9mg/m3,1～60d犊牛的发病率分别为33.33%和71.43%,1～60d犊牛的死亡率分别为0和28.57%。温室型犊牛舍外围护结构保温隔热性能的提高、通风换气系统的完善、犊牛岛休息区的设置,缓解了寒区犊牛舍冬季保温与通风换气的矛盾,为犊牛创造了更加舒适的生存环境,该研究为高产奶牛的培育奠定了基础。In order to provide a warm, dry and airy environment for calves, a greenhouse barn was designed and constructed. The traditional calf barn was used as controls, thermal environment and air quality were monitored and the application effect was evaluated. The front part of the greenhouse barn was covered with two-layered plastic films with 0.2 meter between the two plastic films. The plastic films made a 66 degree angle with the ground. The roof of the greenhouse calf barn was constructed with two-layered color steel plates, while the space between the steel plates was filled with polystyrene foam board （0.12 m）. The wall of the barn was built with two-layered fiber reinforced inorganic board, while the space between the boards was filled with polystyrene foam board （0.20 m）. Natural ventilation system was used for greenhouse barn. There were two insulated air-inlet flues on the gable, and two insulated air-outlet flues on the ridge. The top end of the air-outlet flues was 0.7 meter above the ridge and its lower end extended 0.8 meter into the barn. There were ten calf hutches in the barn. The calves were raised individually. The environmental measurements showed that, when outdoor average temperature was -17.3℃ and outdoor relative humidity was 68%, the average temperature and the average internal surface temperature inside the greenhouse calf barn were -0.7 and 0.8℃, respectively, which were 3.8 and 6.7℃ respectively higher than those in traditional calf barn. This illustrated that the design of heat insulation met the requirement of calf barn in cold regions. The relative humidity in the greenhouse calf barn was 59 %. The ammonia was undetectable. The concentration of carbon dioxide was 2441 mg/m3 in contrast to 95 %, 3.9 mg/m3, and 3096 mg/m3 in traditional calf barns, respectively. This illustrated that the design of ventilation system met the requirement of calves in cold regions. Average temperature, average internal surface temperature and relative humidity of calf hutch in the greenhouse calf

关 键 词：农业建筑 加热效果 湿度控制 寒区 温室型犊牛舍 

分 类 号：S811.1[农业科学—畜牧学] S823[农业科学—畜牧兽医]