永磁直驱风力发电系统气动载荷抑制策略  

An Aerodynamic Load Reduction Method for PMSG-based Direct-drive WECS

作　　者：陈家伟[1] 陈杰[1] 龚春英[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省新能源发电与电能变换重点实验室(南京航空航天大学),江苏省南京市210016

出　　处：《中国电机工程学报》2013年第21期99-108,198,共10页Proceedings of the CSEE

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金(2012M521077);南京航空航天大学基本科研业务费(NN2012109;NS2013039)~~

摘　　要：风力发电机组发电过程中,风轮旋转采样随时间和空间分布的三维风场将产生风剪和塔影效应,导致风轮捕获的气动转矩中含有3P谐波分量。该谐波分量沿着传动链向下传播,不仅使传动链承受更大的气动载荷,而且会激发机组固有谐振频率,使机组振荡,严重影响了机组的可靠性。该文首先对永磁直驱风力发电机组进行了两质量块模型建模,通过模型分析得出了机组固有谐振频率和阻尼的大小。发现导致机组承受较大的气动载荷的原因为机组自身阻尼较小。为了增大机组的阻尼从而降低机组承受的气动载荷以及抑制机组谐振,提出一种注入阻尼的功率控制策略。该策略通过在机组的转矩控制环中加入与机组转速小信号量成正比的补偿转矩,大大增加了机组的阻尼。为了解决转速小信号量无法直接测量的问题,该文从机组的功率流中分析出了间接测量转速小信号量的方法。最后,在实验室建立了一台10kW变速风力发电机组实验系统,实验结果验证了所提出方法的正确性。The blade’s rotational sampling to the three dimensional wind velocities will induce 3P oscillating aerodynamic torque during the wind energy generation process of the wind turbine.The turbine drive train will then bare high aerodynamic load because the aerodynamic torque will drive the generator through it.What’s worse,the resonant mode will also be induced by the aerodynamic load which will cause fatal damage to the whole system.To damp the serious aerodynamic load,a two-mass model of the PMSG-based direct-drive wind energy conversation system is firstly modeled,with which the resonant frequency and the inherent damping are obtained.Then,a power control strategy with damping injection is proposed.The proposed method is realized through detecting the small-signal value of the generator speed.The system damping is proved to be greatly increased when this signal is added to the generator torque control loop,and therefore,the aerodynamic load and the resonant mode can both be well damped.Finally,the theoretic analysis is verified by experimental results performed by a 10 kW wind energy conversion systems established in the laboratory.

关 键 词：风力发电 气动载荷 阻尼注入 功率谱密度 

分 类 号：TM315[电气工程—电机]