城乡要素错配与中国二元经济结构转化滞后:理论与实证研究  

Resource Misallocation between Urban and Rural Department and China’s Dual Economy Transformation Hysteretic:Theory and Empirical Research

作　　者：王颂吉[1] 白永秀[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北大学经济管理学院,陕西西安710127

出　　处：《中国工业经济》2013年第7期31-43,共13页China Industrial Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大招标项目"西部地区形成城乡经济社会一体化新格局的战略研究"(批准号08&ZD027)

摘　　要：与改革开放以来的经济增长奇迹相悖,中国的城乡二元经济结构转化具有滞后性,这不仅对"三农"发展造成了严重的消极影响,而且在理论上形成了"中国城乡二元经济结构转化滞后"之谜。在"以经济增长为中心"的发展战略及其相关制度安排的影响下,地方政府对于生产要素配置存在明显的非农偏向,由此造成的要素错配可能是导致城乡二元经济结构转化滞后的重要原因。本文在城乡部门生产要素配置的视角下,探讨城乡要素错配对中国城乡二元经济结构转化的影响。理论与实证分析表明,城乡部门生产要素配置与二元经济结构转化密切相关;全国和省际层面的非农部门配置了过多资本和过少劳动力,农业部门则配置了过多劳动力和过少资本,城乡要素错配显著阻碍了中国城乡二元经济结构转化。针对这一问题,本文从要素配置角度提出了促进中国城乡二元经济结构转化的政策思路。Contrary to the economic miracle since the reform and opening up, China＇s dual economy transformation is hysteretic, which not only caused serious negative impact on the development of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, but also formed the mystery that ＂why China＇s dual economy transformation is hysteretic？＂ Under the influence of development strategy and related institutional arrangements, local governments have apparent non-farm bias in the allocation of production elements, which causes resource misallocation, and it may be one of the important reasons which lead to China＇s dual economy transformation hysteretic. Under the perspective of resource allocation between the urban and rural department, this paper concerns about the influence of resource misallocation in urban-rural to the dual economy transformation in China. Theory and the empirical analysis shows that non-agricultural department in the national and provincial level is configured with too much capital and too little labor, while the agricultural department is configured with too much labor and too little capital. Obviously, resource misallocation in urban-rural has hindered China＇s dual economy transformation. In order to solve this oroblem, this oaoer comes up with some policy suggestions.

关 键 词：城乡部门 生产要素错配 二元经济结构 转化滞后 

分 类 号：F291.3[经济管理—国民经济]