渭北果园白三叶与黑麦草不同配比的腐解及养分释放规律  

Release of Nutrients during the Decomposition of White Clover and Ryegrass Combination with Different Ratios of Them as the Green Manure in Apple Orchard in Weibei Highland

作　　者：吕丽霞[1] 廖超英[2] 张立新[3] 高梅[3] 王维 王锴[3] 赵永桂[3] 张林森[5] 李丙智[5] 韩明玉[5] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]西北农林科技大学生命科学学院,陕西杨凌712100 [4]张家口市农业科学院,河北张家口075000 [5]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2013年第5期162-169,共8页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303104);国家苹果产业技术体系(CARS-28);陕西省农业科技创新项目(2011NXC01-18);中国科学院"西部之光"人才支持项目(2060299-14);陕西省科技统筹创新工程计划项目重大科技难题苹果专项(2011KTZB02-02-05);农业部生态环境保护专项(2012-47)

摘　　要：利用网袋法研究白三叶与黑麦草不同配比处理[白三叶100%+黑麦草0%(B)、白三叶75%+黑麦草25%(B3H1)、白三叶50%+黑麦草50%(B1H1)、白三叶25%+黑麦草75%(B1H3)、白三叶0%+黑麦草100%(H)]在果树行间10cm土层215d的腐解及养分释放规律。结果表明,绿肥翻压35d内干物质腐解和碳释放较快(腐解率均达40%以上),氮、磷、钾分别在前21、35和50d内释放较快,随后逐渐减慢。翻压215d后,干物质腐解率,碳、氮、磷、钾释放率和干物质腐解量,碳和氮释放量均表现为B>B3H1>B1H1>B1H3>H,磷和钾释放量表现为B<B3H1<B1H1<B1H3<H;5种种理绿肥养分累积释放率均表现为K>P>N,养分释放量均表现为K>N>P。综合分析试验期果树养分需求和5种处理养分释放规律,B3H1处理可作为渭北果园生草混播翻压的最优模式。White clover （Trifolium repens L. ） and ryegrass （Lolium multiflorum L. ） are two most suitable green manures to serve as universal organic fertilizers in apple （Malus dornestica L. ） orchard. We studied the decomposition rate and subsequent carbon （C）, nitrogen （N）, phosphorus （P）, and potassium （K） nutrients release over 215 days using the litterbags method, from five ratios treatments of white clover and ryegrass 100% white clover＋0% ryegrass （B）, 75% white clover＋25% ryegrass（B3H1）, 50%white clover＋50% ryegrass （B1H1）, 25% white clover＋75% ryegrass （BIH3）, 0% white clover＋100% ryegrass （H） at soil depth of 10 cm to investigate patterns of mass loss and nutrients release in apple orchard in Weibei Highland . The decomposition rates were greater by above 40% in the first 35 d than later period after incubation. Releases of N, P and K were quick during the first 21, 35 and 50 days respectively, then became slow until the end of experiment. After 215 days of incubation, the decomposition rate, release rate of C, N, P and K of the five treatments of green manure wereB〉B3HI〉B1H1〉B1H3〉H. Nutrients release amounts of five treatments of green manure were different followed by the order of B〉B3H1〉B1H1〉B1H3〉H for release amount of C and N,B〉B3H1〉BIH1〉B1H3〉H for release amount of P and K. There were significant differences in nutrients release rate among the five treatments of green manure. The nutrients release rate of the five treatments of green manure was in order of K〉P〉N. The nutrients release amount of B, B3H1, BIH1, B1H3 and H were all in order of K〉N〉P. On consideration of the nutrient release pattern and nutrients requirements of apple trees during this period, we concluded that B3H1 treatment is a suitable measure in apple orchard in Weibei Highland.

关 键 词：白三叶 黑麦草 腐解 养分释放特性 果树需肥规律 

分 类 号：S66[农业科学—果树学] S142[农业科学—园艺学]