我国能源消费演进特征及其成因分析  

The Characteristics of Evolution of China′s Energy Consumption and Causes

作　　者：李雷鸣[1] 马小龙 

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(华东)经济管理学院,山东青岛266580

出　　处：《中外能源》2013年第6期5-10,共6页Sino-Global Energy

摘　　要：自改革开放以来,我国能源消费演进特征总体可以概括为:能源消费总量庞大,并持续快速增长;能源消费结构呈现刚性特征,煤炭长期作为主要消费能源,且比重始终稳定在70%左右,能源消费结构均衡性较差;能源消费大部分流向了第二产业。受能源消费演进特征累积效应的影响,我国油气资源对外依存度高,煤炭资源对外依存量大;同时,生态环境问题已成为我国能源可持续利用的制约因素。分析我国能源消费演进特征的成因,经济发展是其形成的根本动力,能源利用效率低是能源消费增长的驱动因素,资源禀赋约束是能源消费特征形成的基本条件,而可再生能源发展受限则抑制了我国能源消费结构的调整。我国目前应加快转变经济发展方式,着力发展低耗能、低污染的第三产业和高技术产业;加大科研投入,提高能源利用效率,推广洁净煤技术,加大非常规天然气开采技术的研发力度;另外,要加快建立可再生能源产业发展的长效机制。The characteristics of the evolution of China＇s energy consumption since the imposition of the open- ing up policy can be summarized as follows：total energy consumption is very high and has been growing rapidly;the energy mix exhibits rigidity;coal has long been the dominant source of energy and its share has long stayed at about 70%;the energy mix is unbalanced;and most energy is consumed in the secondary in- dustry.Due to the accumulative effect of the characteristics of evolution of energy consumption,China＇s re- liance on imported oil and gas is high and the country needs to import large amounts of coal each year.In addition,ecological issues have placed restraints on the sustainability of energy use in China.This article ana- lyzes the causes of the characteristics of evolution of China＇s energy consumption and concludes that econom- ic growth has been the fundamental motive power behind these characteristics ,low energy efficiency has been the factor driving the growth of energy consumption ,the restraints on resource endowment were the basic con- ditions contributing to the characteristics of energy consumption and that the restricted development of renew- able energy sources poses a restraint on the adjustment to the national energy mix.China should quicken its pace of changing the mode of economic growth,strengthen the development of the tertiary and high-tech in- dustries which require low energy use and which do not discharge large amounts of pollutants, increase invest- ment in research,raise energy efficiency,encourage use of clean coal technology,and step up the research and development of non-conventional natural gas recovery technology.In addition,the country should accelerate the construction of a long-term mechanism to promote the growth of the renewable energy industry.

关 键 词：能源消费 演进特征 对外依存度 能源利用效率 资源禀赋 可再生能源 长效机制 

分 类 号：F426.2[经济管理—产业经济]