热等离子裂解甲烷制备纳米碳纤维  

Preparation of Carbon Nanofibers from Decomposition of Methane by Thermal Plasma Jet

作　　者：冯刚[1] 朱自平[2] 谷红兵[3] 王建成[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油化工股份有限公司上海石油化工研究院,上海201208 [2]太原理工大学煤科学与技术教育部和山西省重点实验室,太原030024 [3]太原理工大学化学化工学院,太原030024

出　　处：《太原理工大学学报》2013年第4期440-443,456,共5页Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology

摘　　要：以N2、H2混合气体为工作气,常压条件下裂解甲烷制得纳米碳纤维。考察了原料气流量、工作气气氛和催化剂类型对CNFs生长的影响,并用SEM和TEM表征产物的形貌和结构。结果表明:原料气甲烷流量的增加可引起产物的形貌多样性增加;由于N2比Ar热值高,高温持续时间长,有利于元素态金属原子参与完成碳结构的石墨化进程,所得纳米碳纤维较Ar气氛产物碳层连续、互相平行,纤维管内外表面平直、光滑、无沉积。以Fe2O3为催化剂,纤维管直径分布范围小,杂质或无定形碳很少;以Co2O3为催化剂,产物近似多壁碳纳米管结构,但纯度较低;以Ni2O3为催化剂的管状产物是长度不到1μm的短截管,结晶度较差。With N2 and Hz gas mixture as plasma working gas, carbon nanofibers （CNFs） were synthesized by methane decomposition in thermal plasma under atmospheric pressure condi tions. Effects of the gas flow of raw materials, working gas and catalyst on the CNFs yield were studied. The morphology and structure of the products collected were characterized by SEM, TEM. The results show that the increase of CH4 in iced led to the diversity of the CNFs prod ucts. N2 had relatively larger heat capacity than Ar. The carbon layers of the fiber tubes using N2 as feed gas were more continuous and parallel with each other, and the external and internal sur- faces were straighter and smoother. The products of Fe catalyst were entirely hollow carbon nanofibers with little amorphous carbon. Co catalyst resulted in low purity multi-walled carbon nanotubes-like products. Ni catalyst led to products of low crystallinity, and the fibers were shorter than 1 μm.

关 键 词：纳米碳纤维 热等离子 甲烷 催化剂 

分 类 号：TB383[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]