中国传统戏场亭式戏台拢音效果初析  

Quantitative analyses of the acoustic effect of the pavilion stage in traditional Chinese theatres

作　　者：王季卿[1] 莫方朔[1] 

机构地区：[1]同济大学声学研究所,上海200092

出　　处：《应用声学》2013年第4期290-294,共5页Journal of Applied Acoustics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(11274243)

摘　　要：传统戏场的建筑形制多样,其戏台形式也各异。最具代表性的是三面敞开的亭式戏台。戏台面积不大,顶棚不高,或有华丽穹形或其它构架形式的藻井。这些组合起到声反射罩作用。在此演唱,自我感受良好,即行家所谓的"拢音"效果。这种结构到底对演唱者有什么辅助作用,并无研究资料。本文借助音乐厅舞台上乐师对支持度的指标早期支持度来考察,通过计算机模拟,对比了平顶结构与穹顶结构的音质效果。初步的模拟结果显示穹顶中央附近位置的早期支持度比平顶下相同位置的更高。说明了传统戏场的亭式戏台穹顶对演唱者是有支持作用的。A pavilion stage, open on three sides and thrusting into the audience area, is the prevailing form of the traditional Chinese theatres. Such a stage is usually characterized by a small area and low ceiling. It functions as a sound reflecting shell, which enhances the acoustic effect for the audience, and meanwhile, provides self-support to the actors onstage. A coffered ceiling is the most popular feature of the stage, which provides satisfactory acoustic effect, and ornaments to the stage. There is no scientific knowledge yet to quantify such acoustic effect. This study was based on the stage support parameter STE proposed by Gade as a measurement of acoustic support for individual performers. Computer simulations were conducted for both fiat-ceiling and domed ceiling. Simulation results show that the STE under the center part of the domed ceiling is higher than that under the flat-ceiling. It demonstrates that the domed ceiling of pavilion stage does help performers to hear their own voice.

关 键 词：中国传统戏场 戏场声学 戏台音质分析 

分 类 号：TU211.435[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论]