玉米花生间作对玉米光合特性及产量形成的影响  

Effects of maize‖peanut intercropping on photosynthetic characters and yield forming of intercropped maize

作　　者：焦念元[1,2] 宁堂原[2] 杨萌珂[1] 付国占[1] 尹飞[1] 徐国伟[1] 李增嘉[2] 

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学农学院,洛阳471003 [2]山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室,泰安271018

出　　处：《生态学报》2013年第14期4324-4330,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：农业部公益性行业科研专项(201103001);作物生物学国家重点实验室开放课题基金(2011KF05);河南科技大学自然科学领域创新能力培育基金(2012ZCX020)资助

摘　　要：为了进一步揭示玉米花生间作体系中玉米间作产量优势的光合机理,于2010—2011年在河南科技大学试验农场研究了间作玉米功能叶的光-光响应曲线和光-CO2响应曲线特点、荧光参数、叶绿素含量与构成、干物质积累及灌浆速率。结果表明:间作提高了玉米功能叶片的叶绿素含量,改变了叶绿素构成,显著提高了净光合速率,延缓衰老;间作提高了玉米光补偿点、光饱和点、光饱和时的最大净光合速率、表观量子效率和羧化效率,显著降低了CO2补偿点;PSⅡ的实际光化学效率、PSⅡ的最大光化学效率和光化学猝灭系数变化不明显。间作明显提高玉米生育后期单株干物质,主要在于促进了籽粒的生长,显著提高玉米产量,偏土地当量(PLER-M)高于其所占面积比例的106.6%—120.3%,表现出明显的间作产量优势。这说明间作玉米产量间作优势主要来源于其生育后期净光合速率的提高,促进光合物质向籽粒的分配,净光合速率的提高是通过羧化效率和表观量子效率的提高,增强CO2的固定能力实现的,而非是光能传递、转化效率的提高。Intercropping is a popular cropping system in high-yielding production of food and feed in the world, which is more productive than monoeropping because of the intensive utilization of natural resources, such as sunlight, heat, water and fertilizer. As a component crop in most intercropping systems, maize can be intercropped with a variety of crops, such as common bean, faba bean, soybean and peanut, showing an important role, and an obvious intercropping yield advantage. Maize II peanut intercropping as an important cultivation pattern expanded rapidly in Sichuan Province and Huang Huai Hai Plain, China. We found maize II peanut intercropping enhanced the efficient utilization of strong sunlight by maize and weak sunlight by peanut, thus leading tO intercropping advantages. To elucidate the photosynthetic mechanism of intercropping yield advantage of maize, that is, whether the better utilization of strong sunlight results from higher absorption and transmission of sunlight or enhanced photosynthetic CO2 assimilation, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of maize II peanut intercropping on the characters of response curves of Pn to PFD and to CO2, fluorescence, and chlorophyll content and component of intercropped maize function leaves, dry matter accumulation and filling rate in 2010--2011 year at Henan University of Science and Technology Farm. Results showed that intercropping increased chlorophyll content of maize function leaves, altered chlorophyll component, significantly enhanced the net photosynthetic rate of maize function leaves, and delayed senescence in maize II peanut intercroping system. Intercropping significantly enhanced light compensation point, light saturation point, the maximum net photosynthetic rate of light saturation point, apparent quantum yield and carboxylation efficiency, but didn＇t obviously affect the Fv/Fm, CI）psH and qP of intercropped maize function leaves. Increased dry matter accumulation per plant of intercropped maize in the late growth stage was

关 键 词：间作玉米 光合特性 羧化效率 产量形成 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]