重评礼刑合一的法制构架  

Integrate Legal Construction of Li and Xing in Ancient China:A Re-examination

作　　者：赵明[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学法学院

出　　处：《法学研究》2013年第4期195-208,共14页Chinese Journal of Law

摘　　要：学界的主流意见认为,中华法系的主要特征在于法律与道德相融合,"诸法合体、民刑不分",不融于源自西方的现代法治,某种程度上甚至构成现代法治追求的障碍。这种认识未能深入中华帝国法制构架形成的历史动因,从而也就难以理解和揭示帝国立法的理性方面及其所蕴含的政治智慧。从中华帝国政治使命实现的视角去审视其"礼刑合一"的法制架构,就不仅能洞见它与"三代"礼乐文化传统的契合无间,更能准确把握这一法制架构的理性特征。帝国法制架构的泛刑罚化现象根源于帝国安全的军事化政治使命的实现,具有自治性的礼制规范的创立与维护同样关涉帝国安全与秩序的稳定。这是值得现代人们珍视的古代立法智慧。传统法制之现代转型的成功则有赖于政治家和立法者之现代世界观的真正确立。According to the mainstream in academia, the main features of Chinese traditional legal system lie in the integration of law and morality, ＂the unity of different laws, as well as the non-difference between civil law and criminal law＂. Furthermore, Chinese traditional legal system is in-compatible with and to some extent produces obstacles for the modern principles of legality derived from the west. This kind of thought is incapable of revealing the historical reasons which have resulted in the formation of Chinese traditional legal system, thus prevents us from understanding the tradition- al art of legislation and the underlying political wisdom. If we examine Chinese legal construction which combined Li with Xing in the perspective of the realization of the political mission of the Imperial China, we will perceive that this legal construction did totally agree with the Chinese traditional culture of Li and Yue in the Three Dynasties, and also, we will precisely grasp the rational feature of this legal construction. The pan-criminalization of Chi- nese traditional legal system rooted in the realization of the empire＇ s militarized political mission. And the establishment and maintenance of the norms of Li were equally critical to the safety and sta- bility of the empire. This wisdom of ancient legislation is worthy of the cherishing from the modems. The transition of the traditional legal system to modern principles of legality is extraordinarily tough because the Qing Dynasty was compelled to join into the international legal order under the threat of western weapons. Whether the transition is successful or not depends on the establishment of modern world-view among the legislators and political leaders.

关 键 词：礼刑合一 中华法系 法制转型 

分 类 号：D904[政治法律—法学理论]