高原环境车用柴油机与辅助系统耦合仿真  

Coupled Simulation on Vehicle Diesel Engine and Auxiliary System in Plateau Environment

作　　者：郭猛超[1] 王宪成[1] 袁善勇[1] 张晶[1] 孙志新[1] 

机构地区：[1]装甲兵工程学院机械工程系,北京100072

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2013年第7期17-22,共6页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：军队科研项目(2010WG02;2011CJ016)

摘　　要：采用喷雾模拟试验与优化算法对柴油机缸内准维模型进行高原试验修正和校正,运用直接耦合方法,建立具有变海拔适应性的某重型车辆动力装置(柴油机及辅助系统)工作过程全耦合数值仿真模型:根据准稳态流动的统一化阻力和传热方程,建立车辆进气系统阻力模型;基于一维非稳态可压缩流体动力学理论和传热理论,建立喷油系统工作模型;考虑润滑油对传热量的影响,建立柴油机冷却系统模型;各辅助系统模型与柴油机工作过程实现耦合计算,即计算中柴油机与辅助系统的边界条件双向实时传递。试验验证了耦合仿真的准确性。结果表明:海拔高度4 500 m,外特性工况,功率最大下降45%,燃油消耗率最大增加71%;高原缸内热流分布中需要冷却液带走的热量比平原增加48.6%;活塞-缸套-缸盖温度场整体升高,最高温度增加85～91 K。海拔高度3 700 m,水泵扬程最大下降3.9 m;单独增加水泵流量,散热器进出口水温整体升高。Diesel engine quasi-dimensional model were corrected by test in plateau. The full-coupled working process simulation model with variable altitude adaptation on certain heavy-duty vehicle propulsion （diesel engine and auxiliary system） was set up. According to the quasi steady state flow uniformity resistance and heat transfer equations, air intaken system resistance model were established. Based on 1-D unsteady compressible fluid dynamics theory and heat transfer theory, the working model of fuel injection system was erected. Considering the effect of lubricating oil on heat transfer, the engine cooling system model was established. Auxiliary system model and the working process of the engine were coupled, that means, the boundary conditions was two-way delivered. Simulation model were verified by experiment. The results show that the power reduces by 45% and fuel consumption increases by 71% at maximum at 4 500 m altitude under external characteristic working condition. The heat quantity of cooling liquid in heat-flux distribution increases by 48.6%. The temperature field of piston-cylinder sleeve- cylinder head raises apparently, the peak temperature increases by 85 -91 K. The delivery lift of water pump drops by 3.9 m at most at 3 700 m altitude. When the water flow grows up, the thermal load of cooling system raises.

关 键 词：高原环境 动力装置 工作过程 全耦合仿真 

分 类 号：TK421.8[动力工程及工程热物理—动力机械及工程]