青藏高原西大滩多年冻土活动层土壤性状与地表植被的关系  

Relationship Between Soil Properties in Permafrost Active Layer and Surface Vegetation in Xidatan on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

作　　者：岳广阳[1] 赵林[1] 赵拥华[1] 杜二计[1] 王琦[1] 王志伟[1] 乔永平[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室/青藏高原冰冻圈观测研究站,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2013年第3期565-573,共9页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41101055);国家科技基础性工作专项多年冻土本底调查项目(2008FY110200);冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室自主课题(SKLCS-ZZ-2012-02-02)资助

摘　　要：以青藏高原多年冻土区北界的西大滩为研究基点,选取多年冻土不同退化阶段的两个样地,对植被分布特征、冻土活动层和土壤特性等进行调查监测,同时分析不同活动层状态下土壤水热、养分和地表植被特征变化及相互间的作用关系.结果表明:西大滩地区的植被以浅根系植物为主,0～10cm的表层土壤中地下生物量约占地下生物总量的63%和62.2%之多.在气候条件基本一致的情况下,多年冻土的存在情况及活动层土壤水热状况对植被生态系统的演变起决定性作用.高地表植被覆盖下的冻土土壤水热调节能力强,有助于延缓冻土退化过程.西大滩土壤全氮、碱解氮、速效钾与有机质含量密切相关,含量随冻土退化明显减少,且随土层深度的变化曲线表现为相同的趋势.土壤表层养分和速效养分受冻土退化程度的影响较大.To initially describe the relationship between surface vegetation characteristics and soil properties in permafrost active layer in Xidatan on the Tibetan Plateau,two sampling plots were selected,where the vegetation characteristics,soil properties and permafrost active layer were investigated simultaneously.It is found that the plots are dominated by shallow root vegetations,with 63% and 62.2% of belowground biomass concentrated in the top 0-10 cm soil layer.The existence of permafrost and hydrothermal regime in the permafrost active layer play a decisive role in the evolution of vegetation ecosystem under the same climate condition.The total nitrogen,available nitrogen and available kalium are found closely related to organic matter content,and decreased significantly with permafrost degradation and with depth increasing.Additionally,it is demonstrated that degree of permafrost degradation has great influence on the available nutrients and nutrients in soil surface.

关 键 词：土壤性状 植被特征 多年冻土活动层 西大滩 青藏高原 

分 类 号：Q146[生物学—生态学] S152.75[生物学—普通生物学]