1980-2010年西藏波密地区典型冰川变化特征及其对气候变化的响应  

Variation of Glaciers and Its Response to Climate Change in Bomi County of Tibet Autonomous Region in 1980-2010

作　　者：向灵芝[1] 刘志红[1] 柳锦宝[1] 李林[2] 邹孝[1] 娄梦筠[1] 戴睿[1] 祝赢[3] 

机构地区：[1]成都信息工程学院,四川成都610225 [2]西藏高原大气环境科学研究所,西藏拉萨850000 [3]武汉中心气象台,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2013年第3期593-600,共8页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：国家发改委项目[2008]36号;成都信息工程学院人才引进项目资助

摘　　要：运用遥感(RS)与地理信息系统(GIS)技术,结合波密县1960-2010年气象数据,分析了西藏波密地区冰川的主要分布特征和典型大冰川1980-2010年的时空变化.结果显示:波密县共有冰川数量2 040条,总面积为4 382.5km2,其中,分布在海拔4 000～6 000m的高山冰川总面积达4 086km2,占冰川总面积的93.2%;南坡分布冰川1 504条,面积3 180.04km2,分别占波密冰川总量的73.73%和72.56%,而北坡占还不到三分之一.提取1980、1990、2000和2010年4期面积大于20km2的24条大冰川面积进行对比分析,1980-2010年间波密县大冰川面积总体呈减小趋势,由1980年的1 592.78km2退缩至2010年1 567.04km2,共退缩了25.74km2;其中,1980-1990年冰川变化贡献最大,冰川面积退缩了16.62km2,占冰川总面积退缩量的64.6%.波密县气象站数据显示,50a来冰川退缩主要受温度持续上升的影响,降水量变化对冰川变化影响不大.By applying remote sensing（RS） and geographic information system（GIS） technology,combined with Bomi meteorological data of 1960-2010,glaciers distribution characteristics and spatial and temporal variations of typical large glaciers during 1980-2010 in region of Bomi County,Tibetan Plateau are analyzed.The results show that there are a total number of 2,040 glaciers with a total area of 4 382.5 km2 in region of Bomi County,glacier total area of 4 086 km2 located at an altitude of 4 000 - 6 000 m,accounting for 93.2% of the total area of the glacier.There are 1 504 glaciers with an area of 3 180.04 km2 distributed on the southern slope,accounting for 73.73% of total glacier number and 72.56% of total glacier area respectively,while accounting for less than one-third ones on the north slope.Extraction four periods of 1980,1990,2000 and 2010 glacier area of the 24 large glaciers with greater than 20 km2 were analyzed.The all 24 greater glaciers in Bomi County have a decreasing trend from 1980 to 2010,a glacier area of 1 592.78 km2 in 1980 retreat to one of 1 567.04 km2 in 2010,a total retreated area of 25.74 km2;which glacier change of 1980 to 1990 contributed the largest retreated area of 16.62 km2,accounting for a total area of glacier retreat amount of 64.6%.Records data of Bomi Meteorological Station show that there has been a continuous temperature rise,especially after 1980,which might seriously cause the glacier shrinkage,and changes in precipitation have less impacting on the glacier variation.

关 键 词：冰川变化 气候变化 LANDSAT 西藏波密 

分 类 号：P343.6[天文地球—水文科学]