秋覆盖的保水效应及对春玉米生长的影响  

Effects of autumn covering on soil water storage and spring maize growth

作　　者：乔灵芝[1,2] 王俊鹏[1,2] 张春[1,2] 韩清芳[1,2] 张惠[1,2] 贾志宽[1,2] 杨宝平[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]农业部西北黄土高原作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院/旱区作物高效用水工程实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2013年第3期13-18,65,共7页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划课题(2012BAD09B03;2011BAD29B09-1-3B);国家863课题(2013AA102902);陕西科技创新项目(2011NXC01-16);公益性行业科研专项(201303104);高等学校学科创新引智计划资助(B12007)

摘　　要：设置高（9 000 kg.hm-2）、中（6 000 kg.hm-2）、低（3 000 kg.hm-2）3种不同量秸秆覆盖和平覆、垄覆2种不同方式的地膜覆盖,以全程不覆盖为对照,研究了秋季雨后覆盖（休闲期加生育期全程覆盖）对土壤水分及春玉米生长状况的影响。结果表明：在冬闲期,各覆盖处理（除秸秆覆盖3 000 kg.hm-2处理）的土壤蓄水量分别较不覆盖处理（CK）增加了21.22mm、20.49mm、18.37mm和19.5 mm,使玉米出苗较CK至少提前了3 d。在播种期~大喇叭口期（播后70 d）,平覆地膜和垄覆地膜平均土壤蓄水量分别较对照增加15.57 mm和15.73 mm;秸秆覆盖6 000kg.hm-2和9 000 kg.hm-2处理平均土壤蓄水量分别较对照增加12.05 mm和12.03 mm。秸秆覆盖处理在玉米生长后期土壤蓄水量较对照增加不显著。秋覆盖处理均可促进春玉米个体的生长,地膜覆盖处理可以显著提高春玉米生长前期的单株干重、株高和叶面积,秸秆覆盖在生育后期较对照显著提高。平覆地膜、垄覆地膜两个处理的玉米籽粒产量和水分生产效率分别较对照增加14.6%、13.9%和11.0%、11.1%（P〈0.05）,秸秆覆盖处理增产均不显著。To study the influence of mulching in autumn on soil moisture and growth condition of spring maize,three different rates of straw mulching（straw mulching 3 000 kg·hm-2,straw mulching 6 000 kg·hm-2,straw mulching 9 000 kg·hm-2） and two different patterns of plastic film mulching（film mulching and furrow-film mulching） were tested,no mulch cover treatment（CK） set as control.Results were as follows： except the 3 000 kg·hm-2 straw mulching,compared with CK,soil water storage in the rest four treatments was increased by 21.22 mm,20.49 mm,18.37 mm and 19.5 mm respectively in the winter fallow period.Maize emergence time with these mulching methods was advanced 3 days earlier than CK.In the period between seeding and Full-grown stage（after sowing 70ds）,soil water storages in film mulching and furrow-film mulching treatments were increased 15.57 mm and 15.73 mm,compared to CK;Soil water storages in straw mulching 6 000 kg·hm-2 and 9 000 kg·hm-2 treatments were increased 12.05 mm and 12.03 mm,compared to CK.In the late stage of corn growth,soil water storage was higher in soils with mulch than in CK,but had no significant difference.Mulching in autumn promoted the individual growth of spring corn.Film mulching significantly enhanced dry matter per plant,plant height and leaf area in the early stage of corn growth,while straw mulching enhanced corn growth in the late stage.By using film mulching and furrow-film mulching treatments,corn grain yield and water production efficiency were increased by 14.6%,13.9%,and 11.0%,11.1%（P0.05）,respectively,while straw mulching method had no affect on corn yield.

关 键 词：秋覆盖 土壤水分 春玉米 生长 

分 类 号：S513.048[农业科学—作物学]