高级科学人才集聚成长的时空格局演化及其驱动机制——基于中国科学院院士的典型分析  

Evolution of temporal and spatial pattern and driving mechanisms of agglomerative growth of senior science talents:A case study of academicians of CAS

作　　者：李瑞[1] 吴殿廷[1] 鲍捷[1] 邱研[1] 王维[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学地理学与遥感科学学院,北京100875

出　　处：《地理科学进展》2013年第7期1123-1138,共16页Progress in Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41140007)

摘　　要：以中国科学院1192名院士为典型群体,运用基尼系数、集中化指数和空间自相关识别和剖析了高级科学人才成长的时空规律及其演化机制。结果表明:①中科院院士国内籍贯或出生地、国内最高学历(位)获取地和国内长期工作地,在东中西3大地带均呈现出较强的不平衡性;②自20世纪50年代以来,中科院院士在上述3地的大部分省域表现出地理空间上显著的正的空间自相关性,其国内籍贯或出生地、国内最高学历(位)获取地和国内长期工作地均呈现出集聚逐渐弱化的空间演化态势;③中科院院士在上述3地带的HH集聚省域数量随年代推进分别呈现出先增后减、变化不大和逐渐增加态势,主要分布于中国东部沿海省域及其邻近省域;④从20世纪50年代至今,中科院院士在上述3地带时空格局演化跃迁较多的是类型Ⅳ(省域本身及其邻居均保持了相同水平),近半省域表现出了空间上的连续稳定性,而类型Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ在数量上也有所差异,且存在部分省域跃迁明显的现象;⑤自然环境、经济基础、政治环境和文化教育的差异和变化不同程度的影响着中科院院士的总体空间分布和时空格局演化。Taking 1192 academicians of Chinese Academy of Sciences（CAS） as a case study,temporal and spatial pattern and evolution mechanism of the development of senior science talents are identified and analyzed by using regional Gini coefficient,centralization index and ESDA method.The results show that：（1） At the provincial level,the locations where the academicians of CAS were native or born,acquired his or her highest education（degree）,and had long-term work experiences,showed a strong imbalance among the eastern,central and western China.（2） Most of the locations of the three categories have shown significant and positive geospatial autocorrelation since the 1950s.In terms of agglomerative growth,during the four time periods from 1950 to 2010,including 1950s,1980s,1990s and the first beginning of the 21st century,the locations of native and birth places presented a spatial trend of gradual increase followed by gradual decrease,while the locations of both highest education（degree） and long-term work experience presented a spatial trend of gradual decrease.（3） HH concentrated locations of the three categories are mainly distributed in the eastern and coastal regions and their neighboring provinces,and the number of three types of locations presented the trends of increase followed by decrease,little change,and gradual increase,respectively.（4） Most provinces among the type IV locations of the three categories with transitions in the evolution of temporal and spatial patterns are the ones that maintain the same level within themselves and with the neighboring provinces during the four periods from 1950 to 2010,and nearly half of provinces presented continuous stability.Type I,II and Ⅲ provinces varied in numbers and some of the provinces had significant transitional phenomenon.（5） Differences and changes of natural resources,economic conditions,political and cultural environment,and educational atmosphere all more or less have influences on the overall spatial distribution and the evo

关 键 词：人才集聚 时空格局 中国科学院院士 

分 类 号：G322.21[文化科学]