秸秆纤维素提取方法比较研究  

Comparative Study on the Method of Extracting Straw Cellulose

作　　者：王立华[1] 王永利[1] 赵晓胜[1] 韩正[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北北方学院应用化学研究所,河北张家口075000

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2013年第20期130-134,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：张家口市科学技术研究与发展计划项目"莜麦秸秆基保水剂的制备及性能研究"(12110040C-3)

摘　　要：为了提高秸秆纤维素的能源化利用效率,采用多种方法处理秸秆,找出适合秸秆纤维素的提取方法。分别用高压蒸煮法、硝酸-乙醇法等6种方法从秸秆中提取纤维素,采用重铬酸钾-硫酸亚铁铵法测定纤维素的含量。以纤维素含量、产量、所需时间和外观性状为指标进行筛选和评价。高压蒸煮法提取的纤维素为黄色粉末状,产量大、含量达68.74%,所需时间仅为3.5h;硝酸-乙醇法提取的纤维素为白色花粉状,产量小、含量高达72.89%,所需时间为4.5h,其他提取方法在纤维素含量、产量、所需时间和外观性状方面各有不足。采用高压蒸煮法和硝酸-乙醇法提取秸秆纤维素。高压蒸煮法处理量大,所需时间短,含量较高,适合工业生产需要;硝酸-乙醇法提取的纤维素品质好,含量高,产量小,适用于科研机构及相关部门。To improve the efficiency of energy utilization of straw cellulose, use a variety of methods for treating straw to find an appropriate straw cellulose extraction method. Respectively, use pressure cooking, nitric acid-alcohol law 6 ways to extract of cellulose from straw, and potassium dichromate-ammonium ferrous sulfate to determine the content of cellulose. The selection and evaluation of indicators were carried out based on cellulose content, yield, time spent and appearance character. Cellulose extraction of high-pressure steaming can get yellow powder, large output, containing 68.74% , the time required being 3.5 h; nitric acid-ethanol extraction of straw cellulose got white pollen-like, small production, content 72.89% , time required being 4.5 h, and other extraction methods in cellulose content, yield, time spent, and appearance had insufficient characters. Adopt high pressure steaming and nitric acid-ethanol extraction of straw cellulose. High pressure cooking method handled a large quantity, the time required was short, with high level, suitable for needs of industrial production; while for ethanol extraction of cellulose nitrate, content was high with good quality, the output was small, applied to research institutes and relevant departments.

关 键 词：秸秆 纤维素 提取 含量 时间 

分 类 号：TQ352.4[化学工程]