从“发愤抒情”到“不平则鸣”——诗怨内涵演变之“直抒怨艾”路径探析  

From "Expression under Indignation" to "Sighing in Discontent":——On Poetic Plaintiveness in the Aesthetic Paradigms of Sad and Resentment

作　　者：夏秀[1] 

机构地区：[1]济南大学文学院,山东济南250022

出　　处：《齐鲁学刊》2013年第4期116-121,共6页Qilu Journal

基　　金：山东省社科规划项目"中国文学中的诗怨传统及当代意义"(12CWXJ04)

摘　　要："诗怨"是中国文学的传统命题之一,随着时代和社会背景的更迭,其内涵也多有变化,而内涵变化背后则是中国传统士人人格和精神状态的变化。从风格上看,孔子之后诗怨命题内涵的演变大致有两种路径:"直抒怨艾"和"温柔敦厚"。从诗怨内涵发展历程看,从春秋战国到唐代这一历史时段的演变比较重要。在"直抒怨艾"的路径上,从屈原的"发愤抒情"到司马迁的"发愤著书"、韩愈的"不平则鸣"和"穷苦之言","诗怨"命题认同"怨"的激发作用,对于诗怨文学运行机制的认识逐渐明确,主体的自我意识以及传统知识分子的使命意识、自我担当意识逐渐增强。明后期"诗怨"内涵的演变基本上是在这一时段"诗怨"命题的基础上延伸和完善的。＂Poetic Plaintiveness＂ is one of the traditional theses in Chinese Literature. Its essential meaning changed with time going on and eras overlapping. Seeing from the articles which it embodied and implemented, the spiritualities and characters in traditional intellectuals＇ personalities had been also changed accordingly. In the light of style, the meanings of ＂Poetic Plaintiveness＂ could be traced in two paths after Confucius＇s time： one was called ＂Sad and Resentment＂; the other, ＂Gentleness and Sincerity＂. The paper would expound mainly the latter one. From the perspective of its development, to the meaning of ＂Poetic Plaintiveness＂, some most important changes expressed from Spring and Autumn Warring States Period, to Tang Dynasty. In its evolutionary process, the meaning of ＂Sad and Resentment＂ had been changed from Qu Yuan＇s ＂Expression under Indignation＂, to Si Maqian＇s ＂Theory of Writing from Anger＂, to Han Yu＇s ＂Sighing in Discontent＂, and his ＂Destitute and Painful Word＂. The thesis identified the inspirations of sad and resentment. Gradually, the realizations were clearer and clearer to the essential mechanism of ＂Sighing in Discontent＂ Literature, the intellectuals＇ self- awareness, and their senses to responsibilities and missions. Following its developments in previous generations, the meaning of ＂Poetic Plaintiveness＂ had been improved and perfected in late of Ming Dynasty which had largely expanded and deepened the aesthetic implication in Chinese Literature.

关 键 词：诗怨 不平则鸣 内涵 人格 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]