模拟降雨条件下肥料品种与施肥方式对氮素径流流失的影响  

Impacts of Fertilizer Types and Fertilization Methods on Nitrogen Losses in Surface Flow Under Artificial Rainfall Conditions

作　　者：付伟章[1] 史衍玺[2] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学资源与环境学院,山东泰安271018 [2]青岛农业大学,山东青岛266109

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2013年第3期14-17,58,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD87B05)

摘　　要：为研究施肥对氮素径流流失的影响,选择山东省泰安市典型农田为试验地点,采用4次重复人工降雨试验方法,研究降雨径流过程中不同肥料品种和不同施肥方式对地表径流氮素流失的影响机制。结果表明:在降雨强度和施肥量一致的条件下,施用速效氮肥碳酸氢铵肥料引起氮素流失量最大,尿素次之,控释尿素最低。施肥翻耕深度增大有利于降低径流氮素流失量,在翻耕深度相同时,条施施肥方式比穴施和混施造成的径流氮素流失量更大。相关分析表明,径流中铵态氮含量和泥沙产量的差异是影响氮素径流的主要原因。在适宜的降雨条件下,合理施肥是控制氮素径流流失和减少农田氮素污染的关键途径之一。This paper took typical crop fields in Tai’an city,Shandong province as studied sites to study the influence mechanism of different fertilizer types and fertilization methods on N losses in runoff by four repeated simulated rainfall experiments.The results showed that N losses amount of available nitrogen fertilizer（ammonium bicarbonate） was maximum,that of urea fertilizer was second place and that of controlled urea fertilizer was minimum under consistent condition of precipitation intensity and fertilization application.The increase of plowing depth could reduce N losses in runoff.At the same plowing depth,N losses in runoff under row application was higher than spot application and mixed application.By correlation analysis,it indicated that the difference of NH＋4-N and sediment content in water was the main reason for N losses in runoff.Thus,reasonable fertilization was a significant measure to control N losses in runoff and reduce N contamination in fields.

关 键 词：人工降雨 地表径流 氮素流失 肥料品种 施肥方式 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]