果园带状生草对果园面源污染的控制效果  

Influence of Zonal Grass on Non-point Source Pollution Control in Orchard

作　　者：李发林[1] 郑域茹[1] 郑涛[1] 林晓兰[1] 黄炎和[2] 武英[1] 谢南松[1] 林智明[1] 蔡志发[3] 林永贤[3] 

机构地区：[1]福建省热带作物科学研究所,福建漳州363001 [2]福建农林大学资源与环境学院,福建福州350002 [3]漳州市水土保持办公室,福建漳州363000

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2013年第3期82-89,共8页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：福建省公益类科研院所基本科研专项"生草栽培对控制果园面源污染效果的研究"(2009R10010-2)

摘　　要：利用径流小区法观测琯溪蜜柚园套种不同宽度草带果园土壤流失量、径流量,并研究其对氮、磷面源污染的控制效果及不同施肥水平下适宜草带的调控效果。结果表明:(1)不同处理中,全园生草控制果园面源污染效果最好,径流、土壤、总氮、总磷年流失量分别为422.7m3/hm2,26.0t/km2,0.793kg/hm2,78.8g/hm2;2.0m草和1.5m草带处理效果居中;1.0m草带处理最差,分别为927.0m3/hm2,57.4t/km2,2.050kg/hm2,279.3g/hm2。(2)各处理都可极显著或显著降低径流量、土壤流失量、径流总磷、可溶性磷浓度和流失量,且控制磷流失效果相同,而1.0m草带处理时径流可溶性磷浓度和流失量与其他3个处理差异达极显著或显著水平。(3)人工生草(全园、带状生草)处理都可极显著降低径流总氮、铵态氮、可溶性氮浓度和流失量。(4)1.5m和1.0m草带处理径流硝态氮浓度显著高于全园生草和自然生草处理,而全园生草、2.0m和1.5m草带处理都可极显著降低径流硝态氮流失量。(5)不同施肥水平下,全园生草高肥、草带高肥、中肥、低肥处理径流总氮流失量分别为对照的16.46%,49.09%,41.60%,41.11%;磷总流失量分别为对照38.58%,41.73%,33.86%,35.43%;土壤流失量分别为对照18.29%,47.78%,53.97%,67.78%;径流量分别为对照25.14%,47.98%,48.53%,58.93%;草带高肥处理径流总氮、硝态氮浓度明显或显著高于低肥处理,超过了果园种植1.5m草带时百喜草的控制氮流失能力。Runoff plot was conducted to observe soil loss amount and runoff in grassing orchard with different grass widths and to investigate the control effect on nitrogen,phosphorus non-point source pollution and regulation effect on different fertilizer level.The results showed that：（1）The treatment of grassing with the whole garden displayed was the best effect in control non-point source pollution among the four treatments,the runoff,the loss amount of soil,total nitrogen and total phosphorus were 422.7 m3/（hm2·a）,26.0 t/（km2·a）,0.793 kg/（hm2·a） and 78.8 g/（hm2·a）.Treatments of 2.0 m and 1.5 m grass width were the second place.Treatments of 1.0 m grass width was worse and they were 927.0 m3/（hm2·a）,57.4 t/（km2·a）,2.050 kg/（hm2·a） and 279.3 g/（hm2·a）.（2）Different artificial grass treatments all very significantly or significantly decreased the concentration and loss amount of total phosphorus and soluble phosphorus and they had the same function in the protection of phosphorus loss.The difference of the concentration and loss amount of soluble phosphorus between the treatments of 1.0 m grass width and other three treatments reached extremely significant level.（3）The two treatments of artificial grass（with the whole garden and with different grass width） all very significantly or significantly decreased the concentration and loss amount of total nitrogen,ammonia nitrogen and total soluble nitrogen.（4）The concentration of nitrate nitrogen of the grassing with 1.5 m and 1.0 m grass width were significantly higher than the treatments of grassing with the whole garden and the natural grass.The treatments of grassing with the whole garden and grassing with 2.0 m and 1.5 m grass width all very significantly decreased the loss amount of nitrate nitrogen.（5）Under different fertilization level,the loss amount of total nitrogen under the treatments of high fertility in artificial grass with the whole garden and the treatments of high,middle and low fertility in zon

关 键 词：带状生草 果园面源污染控制 径流 氮和磷 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学] X52[农业科学—农业基础科学]