不同灌溉施肥处理对桃园土壤水肥状况以及植株生长的影响  

Effects of Different Irrigation and Fertilizer Methods on Soil Moisture,Nutrient and Plant Growth in Peach Orchard

作　　者：颜克发[1] 彭福田[1] 房龙[1] 李勇[1] 张华美[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院,作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2013年第3期160-164,283,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-31-3-03);山东省高校优秀科研创新团队计划项目

摘　　要：以二年生"春雪"桃为试材,应用15 N同位素示踪技术,探讨不同灌溉和施肥方式对土壤水分和电导率状况以及桃根系生长的影响。结果表明:滴灌处理桃树根系主要分布层(10-30cm)土壤水分相对稳定,其土壤体积含水量的变化范围为30.02%～36.73%,而漫灌条件下土壤体积含水量变化范围为22.32%～31.01%;与漫灌+肥料树盘撒施(F+S)对照相比,滴灌+肥料缓释袋控(T+D)、滴灌+树盘撒施(T+S)和漫灌+肥料缓释袋控(F+D)处理0-10cm土层电导率平均值分别提高43.87%,41.08%和4.50%,10-30cm土层电导率分别提高22.66%,25.42%和1.00%;与F+S对照相比,T+D、T+S和F+D处理桃树根系中细根(直径<2mm)的比例分别提高67.81%,51.91%和18.17%;T+D、T+S、F+D与F+S处理植株氮素吸收利用率分别为33.58%,29.26%,18.97%和14.07%,其中T+D处理促进植株生长的效果最显著。15N tracer elements were used to explore the influence of the different patterns of irrigation and fertilization on soil moisture,nutrient and plant growth in peach orchard with two-year-old plant（cv ’Chun xue’） as materials.The results showed that： During the whole growth period of peach trees in the main root distribution soil layer 10-30 cm,volumetric water content of drip irrigation treatment was in the range of 30.02% to 36.73%,but the values for the flooding irrigation treatment was in the range of 22.32% to 31.01%;with the traditional flood irrigation and fertilizer broadcast（F＋S） treatment as control,the treatments of drip irrigation and bag-controlled release fertilizer（T＋D）,drip irrigation and fertilizer broadcast（T＋S）,traditional flood irrigation and bag-controlled release fertilizer（F＋D） increased the average electric conductivity in the 0-10 cm soil layer by 43.87%,41.08% and 4.50% respectively,but in the 10-30 cm soil layer increased by 22.66%,25.42% and 1.00% respectively,and it also increased the ratio of plant fine root（d2 mm） by 67.81%,51.91% and 18.17% respectively;the nitrogen-absorbed utilization rate of T＋D,T＋S,F＋D and F＋S treatments was 33.58%,29.26%,18.97% and 14.07% respectively,T＋D treatment had the most significant effects on increasing the growth of peach plant.

关 键 词：桃 滴灌 肥料袋控缓释 15N尿素 氮素吸收利用 

分 类 号：S152.75[农业科学—土壤学] S662.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]