低熔点金属/聚合物复合材料的研究现状  

Present Situation of Studying LMPM/Polymer Composites

作　　者：张国艳[1,2] 刘涛[1] 易勇[2] 刘黎明[2] 罗江山[3] 谭秀兰[3] 芦艾[1] 贺江平[1,2] 马寒冰[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所,绵阳621900 [2]西南科技大学材料科学与工程学院,绵阳621010 [3]中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心,绵阳621900

出　　处：《高分子通报》2013年第7期77-83,共7页Polymer Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.51073143)

摘　　要：聚合物基导电复合材料在电磁屏蔽、导电、抗静电、自限温加热、甚至导热等领域,具有广泛的用途。这类复合材料中所用的填料主要有金属、炭黑、石墨、石墨烯等。这些填料在加工过程中处于固态。与之不同的是,低熔点金属熔点低,在加工过程中处于液态,从而可以降低复合体系粘度、提高加工性能、降低设备磨损;还可以实现加工过程中填料原位细化和原位纤维化,以及形成双连续相结构。本文概述了低熔点金属填充聚合物复合材料的制备方法,以及复合材料结构、导电性、流变性和力学性能的主要特点,分析了与其它聚合物基导电复合材料相比LMPM/聚合物复合材料的优势,指出了该领域需要进一步研究的方向。Polymer-based conductive composites were broadly applied in many fields, such as electromagnetic shielding, electric conduction, antistatic materials, self-limiting temperature heating, heat conduction and so on. Currently, the fillers used in electrically conductive polymer composites are in solid state during the processing, including metal, carbon black, graphite and graphene. In contrast to this, the low melting point metals are in liquid state as conductive fillers during the processing, which allows to reduce the viscosity of the composites, improve the processability, reduce the wear on equipment, reduce the particle size of fillers and increase the length-diameter ratio of particle. In this paper, LMPM/ polymer composites＇ preparation methods, and the main features of composite＇s structure, conductivity, rheology and mechanical properties were reviewed, LMPM/polymer conductive composite＇s superiority compared with other polymer- based conductive composites were introduced, and some deficiencies in this field were pointed out.

关 键 词：低熔点金属 聚合物 导电性 流变性 力学性能 

分 类 号：TB333[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]