放牧强度对昭苏草甸草原土壤有机质及速效养分的影响  

Influence of grazing intensity on soil organic matter and available nutrition of meadow steppe in Zhaosu

作　　者：孙宗玖[1] 朱进忠[1] 张鲜花[1] 郑伟[1] 靳瑰丽[1] 古伟容[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院新疆草地资源与生态重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《草业科学》2013年第7期987-993,共7页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200903060);新疆高校科研计划(XJEDU2011I18);国家自然科学基金(31260574)

摘　　要：采用小区控制放牧试验,在伊犁昭苏草甸草原上研究了短期放牧条件下轻度、中度和重度放牧对草地土壤有机质、土壤碱解氮、土壤速效磷及土壤速效钾的影响。结果表明,随放牧强度的增加,草地地上生物量呈降低趋势,但各放牧强度间差异不显著(P>0.05);同一年度放牧强度间0～10、10～20和20～30cm土层土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷及速效钾含量差异不显著,但与放牧前比,放牧后0～30cm土层养分含量增减趋势并不一致,体现出年度间的差异性;相关分析表明,0～30cm土层土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷及速效钾与放牧强度间均无显著相关性,且随着放牧强度的增加,其响应规律存在一定差异性;无论放牧与否,土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷及速效钾含量均随土层深度的增加呈降低趋势。The influence of grazing intensity including light grazing, moderate grazing and heavy grazing on soil organic matter, soil available nitrogen, soil available phosphorus and soil available potassium in Zhao-su meadow steppe by plot grazing experiment under short grazing period was studied. Results showed that the aboveground biomass of grassland declined along with the increasing of grazing intensity, and there were no significant difference among different grazing intensities （P〉0.05）. The content of soil organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium of 0-10, 10-20, 20-30 cm were not significantly different among different grazing intensities at the same year （P〉0.05）. Compared with no grazing, soil nutrition content of 0-30cm appeared a trend of increasing or decreasing in a certain degree after grazing. And, different indexes had different change trend, which embodied annual changes. Correlation analysis suggested that there was no significant correlation between grazing intensities on soil organic matter, soil available nitrogen, soil available phosphorus, and soil available potassium of 0-30 cm （P〉0.05）. Response of these soil nutrition to grazing intensities was different. Whether grazing or not, the content of soil organic matter, soil available nitrogen, soil available phosphorus, soil available potassi-um all decreased with the increasing of soil depth.

关 键 词：放牧强度 有机质 碱解氮 速效磷 速效钾 

分 类 号：S812.8[农业科学—草业科学]