不同土壤改良剂对番茄青枯病的防治效果  

Effects of Soil Amendments on Suppression of Bacterial Wilt of Tomato

作　　者：刘肖肖[1,2] 董元华[1,2] 李建刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室南京土壤研究所,南京210008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2013年第7期1368-1374,共7页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-JC405);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KSCX2-EW-B-6);国家自然科学基金项目(41201241)

摘　　要：为了探索防治番茄青枯病的有效途径,通过盆栽试验,以不同比例混合配施4种土壤改良剂(矿物粉、酵母残渣、壳聚糖、海藻残余物),以便筛选出优化配方,并对其抑制作物发病的机理进行初步研究。结果表明:(1)发病高峰期,施用土壤改良剂配方C(矿物粉∶酵母残渣=90%∶10%)及配方F(壳聚糖)显著地降低了番茄青枯病的发生,防效分别达到98.3%和66.3%,并且分别比对照推迟发病19d和10d;(2)配方C及配方F在提高植株长势上同样作用明显,与CK相比可以显著增加叶面积、茎粗、株高;(3)在一定土壤酸性范围内(pH5.0～6.5),病情指数与土壤pH值存在显著正相关,发病时间与pH值存在显著负相关;(4)配方C对微生物群落有较好的调控作用,不仅可以抑制病原菌的增长,而且显著提高了土壤微生物对碳源的利用率及微生物物种丰富度,增强土壤微生物生态系统的稳定性,从而达到防病的效果。Application of soil amendments has been proposed as an excellent agronomic strategy to suppress bacterial wilt of tomato infected by Ralstonia solanacearum. To evaluate the effects of soil amendments on the disease incidence and provide optimized compounds formula, compounds of rock dust, yeast-produced residue, chitosan, and sodium alginate produced residue were applied to the soil separately or mixed at different ratios（85%∶15%, 90%∶10% and 95%∶5%） in the greenhouse experiment. Results indicated that treatments C（rock dust∶yeast-produced residue=9∶1） and F（chitosan） were the most effective formulas in suppressing the bacterial wilt with the control efficacies of 98.3% and 66.3%, respectively. Furthermore, the appearances of diseased symptoms of these two treatments were delayed by 19 d and 10 d, respectively. Comparing to CK, formula C and F also could significantly promote plant growth by increasing leaf area, plant height, and stem diameter. Within a certain soil acidity（pH 5.0~6.5）, disease severity had highly significant positive correlation with soil pH, however, there was a significant negative correlation between the time of wilt attack and soil pH. Biolog analyses suggested that formula C could not only improve soil microbial community structure but also increase the rate of substrate utilization of microbe and the microbial species richness. This enhanced the stability of soil microbial ecosystem and benefited soil pathogen suppression, thus obtained the effect of disease suppression.

关 键 词：土壤改良剂 番茄青枯病 防治效果 土壤性质 

分 类 号：S156.2[农业科学—土壤学]