长期不同施肥对塿土氮素分布的影响  

Effects of Long-term Different Fertilization on the Nitrogen Distribution in Manural Loessial Soil

作　　者：赵聪[1,2] 曹莹菲[1,2] 刘克[1,2] 杨学云[1,2] 吕家珑[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2013年第7期1375-1381,共7页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：中国农科院土壤质量重点开放实验室开放基金(09-01)

摘　　要：在冬小麦-夏玉米轮作制度下,研究不同有机肥-无机肥长期施用对塿土碱解氮以及NO-3-N的分布、累积和阶段性移动的影响。结果表明:施用有机肥、化肥和两者混合施用有助于提高土壤碱解氮和硝态氮的含量,尤其对耕层土壤影响较为显著;有机肥对土壤中碱解氮含量的增加效果较为明显,而化肥则易提高土壤中硝态氮的含量;与对照相比有机肥会减缓土壤剖面深层硝态氮含量的积累,有效控制硝态氮向下淋溶;整个剖面中同年秋季土壤的氮含量>夏季土壤。所有处理中,施用低量有机肥或者其配施低量化肥(M150t·hm-2、N150kg·hm-2、P60kg·hm-2)是较为理想的施肥方式,既提高土壤肥力又缓解NO-3-N在土壤剖面中的累积和淋失。This study had evaluated the effects of long-term different fertilizer treatments including organic manure, chemical fertilizer, and their combinations on accumulation and movement of NO-3-N and alkali-hydrolyzable N in Manural Lessial Soil under wheat-corn rotation system. The different fertilizer treatments increased the contents of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in the soil, especially the available nitrogen in plow layer. The addition of manure had more significant positive effect on alkali-hydrolyzable N in the soil; and the application of chemical fertilizer had more signficant role in increasing soil NO-3-N. Compared to the control（without addition of fertilizer）, the addition of manure decreased the accumulation and leaching of NO-3-N in soil profile. The contents of soil nitrogen in fall was higher than that in summer in the same year. The application of low rate of manure or combining with low rates of chemical fertilizer（M150 t·hm^-2, N150 kg·hm^-2, P 60 kg·hm^-2） was the effective way to control accumulation of NO-3-N in soil profiles and leaching loss.

关 键 词：施肥 土壤 碱解氮 硝态氮 不同季节 分布 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学]