基于肢体和心脏功能储备动用趋势的运动员体能评估五线图方法的初步研究  

A Preliminary Study of Five-line Graph Method for Evaluating Fitness of Athletes Based on the Functional Reserve Mobilization Trend of the Heart and the Limbs and Trunk

作　　者：许定国[1] 刘健明[2] 赵艳霞[1] 肖守中[3] 唐毅[4] 胡香贵[1] 田茂梅[1] 江坤[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆大学体育学院,重庆400044 [2]大理学院体育学院,云南大理671003 [3]重庆博精医学信息研究所,重庆400044 [4]重庆工商大学,重庆400067

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2013年第4期80-85,共6页China Sport Science and Technology

摘　　要：提出和探讨一种安全、易于普及的、基于运动员肢体和心脏功能储备评估的方法。方法:15名足球运动员(A组)和18名非运动员(B组)自愿参加该项研究。所有受试者进行登梯试验,根据总运动量7 000J,平台高度(0.23m)和体重(kg)确定登梯次数;试验按运动量1 750J,3 500J,5 250J和7 000J分为4个阶段。运动前和每一运动阶段结束即刻记录心音图。用肢体和心脏功能储备的5个指标进行综合分析:1)登梯运动中的人体功率输出(Power);2)登梯运动的代谢当量的评估值,公式(美国运动医学学会,ACSM):VO2(ml.kg-1.min-1)=0.2(steps.min-1)+(step height,m×steps.min-1×2.4)+3.5,代谢当量(MET)=VO2/3.5;3)第1心音幅值/第2心音幅值比值(S1/S2);4)心脏舒张期时限与收缩期时限的比值(D/S);5)心率(HR)。以运动量作横坐标,上述5个指标作纵坐标,绘制5个测试点数据的五线图。测量对应于1 750J的线段与横坐标轴(X轴)的夹角;比较5线的走向和点数据的大小,进行受试者运动能力的分析。结果:生成了受试者运动量递增的登梯试验的Power,MET,S1/S2,D/S和HR五线图。A组和B组受试者完成1 750J运动量时Power,MET,S1/S2,D/S和HR五线与X轴夹角的平均值分别是76°,72°;75°,71°;38°,35°;-8°,-6°;55°,54°。不同受试者在相同运动量下Power,MET,S1/S2,D/S和HR数据呈现有一定趋势的差异,与非运动员比较,运动员的Power,MET,S1/S2和D/S水平较高,而HR水平较低,上升较慢。结论:完成1 750J运动量时,Power线,MET线,S1/S2线与X轴的夹角可能有益于评估受试者的爆发力;5条线的走向和点数据的大小可能有益于评估受试者的耐力。Background： The important determinants of sports competition performance include explosive force and endurance. A classic example of requiring explosive force is 100m-running; a classic example of requiring endurance is marathon; whereas basketball requires both explo- sive force and endurance. The research of explosive force and endurance of athletes has a high complexity. In the previous studies, there have been very few investigations into the relation between cardiac reserve and endurance, no matter whether they paid attention to the relation between cardiac function and explosive force and endurance. The objective of this study was to explore a method, which should be safe, easily popularized, and based on the evaluation of car- diac reserve and functional reserve of limbs and trunk. Methods：Fifteen athletes （males, aged 19 to 21 years old） and eighteen non- athletes （males, aged 18 to 20 years old） voluntarily participated in this study. All of the subjects performed stair-stepping tests. The required num- ber of times of step-climbing was calculated from the target workload（7 000 J）, step height （0.23m）, and the subjects＇ body weight （kg）; according to the workload to be completed （1 750 J,3 500 J,5 250 J and 7 000 J） ,the exercise test was divided into 4 stages. Phonocar- diograms were recorded in the sitting position at rest and immediately after each stage of the test. A comprehensive analysis was performed by using 5 indicators of cardiac reserve and func-tional reserve of limbs and trunk=（1） power output of limbs and trunk during stair-stepping tests;（2） metabolic equivalent during stair stepping tests, which was calculated using ACSM stair-stepping equation （VO2 （ml·kg^-1·min^-1） = 0.2 （steps·min^-1） ＋（step height, m × steps 2.4 ） ＋ 3. 5, metabolic equivalent （MET） = VO2 / 3.5 ） ; （ 3 ） the ratio of the amplitude of the first heart sound to the amplitude of the second heart sound （S1/S2） ; （4） the ratio of diastolic to sys

关 键 词：体能 功率输出 代谢当量 第1心音幅值 第2心音幅值比值(S1 S2) 舒张期时限与收缩期时限的比值(D S) 

分 类 号：G804.2[文化科学—运动人体科学]