中哈跨境河水质标准及评价方法对比研究  

Comparative Study on Water Quality Standards and Evaluation Methods of Sino-Kazak Cross-border Rivers

作　　者：胡孟春[1] 

机构地区：[1]环境保护部南京环境科学研究所,江苏南京210042

出　　处：《环境科学与管理》2013年第7期179-185,共7页Environmental Science and Management

基　　金：环保公益性行业科研专项;项目名称:跨国界流域项目环境影响联合评价研究(编号:200809038)

摘　　要：中哈跨境河流的水量与水质,是双方共同关注的重要问题。对比了中哈跨境河水质标准及评价方法的差异性。中国采用的是单因子水质评价方法,哈萨克斯坦采用的是综合评价方法。中国与哈萨克斯坦跨境河水质监测指标数不同,但相同指标的标准限值在同一数量级。讨论了综合评价法与单因子评价法优势与不足。指出中哈跨境河水质标准与评价方法的统一,是双方合作研究急需解决的问题。建议综合两个标准体系,组成双方共同的地表水标准限值指标体系。建议对两国执行的评价方法,采各家之长优势互补,对环境及人体健康有严重影响的毒理性指标,必须执行单因素评价方法,在此基础上,对其他指标进行综合评价。Water volume and water quality of cross-border rivers are the important issues of common concern for China and Kazakhstan.A comparative study is made on the differences in water quality standards and evaluation methods of cross-border rivers.China adopts single-factor water quality evaluation method and Kazakhstan adopts comprehensive evaluation method.They have different water quality monitoring indicators,but the standard limits of the same indicators are at the same order of magnitude.This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of comprehensive and single-factor evaluation methods,and points out that the unification of water quality standards and evaluation methods of cross-border rivers between two countries should be an urgent issue to be solved.This paper suggested to integrate the two standard systems and to combine the common index systems for surface water quality assessment.It is suggested to give play of the respective advantages,stipulating that single factor evaluation method shall be adopted for the toxicity indicators doing harm to environment and human health.Based on this study,comprehensive evaluation method can be applied to other indicators.

关 键 词：跨境河 水质标准 评价方法 

分 类 号：X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程]