普通法国家惩罚性赔偿制度研究——以英、美、澳、加四国为对象  

Punitive Damage in Common Law Countries:Focusing on UK,US,Australia and Canada

作　　者：阳庚德[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学法学院

出　　处：《环球法律评论》2013年第4期139-155,共17页Global Law Review

基　　金：作者主持的2011年度教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目"私法惩罚论--以侵权法为中心"(课题编号:11YJC820147);广州市哲学社会科学发展十二五规划2011年度课题一般项目"私法惩罚的基础理论研究-以侵权法为中心的分析(课题编号:11Y22)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：以英、关、澳、加四国为代表的普通法系国家都认可惩罚性赔偿制度的合理性。在这些国家,惩罚性赔偿主要适用于以故意为基础的侵权案件,美国和加拿大还对违约案件判处惩罚性赔偿。四国基本上都提出了一些考量因素供法官或陪审团在确定惩罚性赔偿金数额时采用或参考,这些因素包括但不限于不法行为的严重性、被告的财富多少、原告可能获取的意外利益、对社会公众的效果以及被告是否受到刑事处罚等。四国都反对数额过高的惩罚性赔偿金判决,但由于各国经济发展水平、历史文化、整个法律制度体系不同,各国判断数额是否过高的标准不同。许多国家认为当惩罚性赔偿金数额和案件的具体情况不相称的时候,就是不合理的。美国和英国还明确要求法院运用比例原则来决定惩罚性赔偿金判决是否合理。The common law countries represented by UK, US, Canada and Australia recognize the rationality of the punitive damages. Roughly speaking, the courts in the four countries awards punitive damages in intentional tort cases. In US and Canada, punitive damages are also available in contract cases. Almost all the countries have judges or jury when they decide what amount of the p cable. The elements include but not be limited to th conditions of the defendant＇ s wealth, the influences prop tive osed some referential elements for the damages would be suitable and applidefendant had been punished by criminal law. All the four countries oppose the judgments in which the amount of punitive damages is too high, in fact economic development, history, culture and legal system ,d in ue to the differences of the levels of the each country, the judging standards to the amount are also different. Most countries think that it is irrational if the amount of the punitive damages does not match the specific conditions of the case. In UK and US, judges or jury use the principle of proportionality to decide whether the amount of punitive damages is proper.

关 键 词：惩罚性赔偿 普通法系 故意侵权 惩罚遏制 

分 类 号：D913[政治法律—民商法学]