自我决定动机影响运动员心理疲劳:横向与纵向研究的证据  

Effect of Self-Determined Motivation on Athlete Burnout:Evidence from Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Study

作　　者：孙国晓[1] 张力为[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学运动人体科学学院运动心理学教研室,北京100084

出　　处：《体育科学》2013年第7期21-28,共8页China Sport Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金资助项目(11BTY049)

摘　　要：从自我决定理论(Deci和Ryan,1985)角度解释心理疲劳,是近几年运动员心理疲劳领域研究的热点之一。根据这一理论,假设自我决定动机对运动员心理疲劳具有负向预测作用,并通过横向和纵向两个研究检验这一假设。对225名现役运动员的横向研究发现,由自我决定动机指向心理疲劳的结构方程模型得到了数据的良好拟合,自我决定动机对心理疲劳3个维度均有可靠的负向预测作用。纵向研究进一步探讨两者的关系。冬训前、后为期12周的间隔中,对60名柔道运动员进行自我决定动机和心理疲劳的测验。结果发现,冬训初期的自我决定动机对冬训末期运动员的心理疲劳具有可靠的负向预测作用;结果还发现,冬训前、后动机自我决定程度的变化对心理疲劳的变化具有可靠的负向预测作用。这两点均说明自我决定动机对心理疲劳具有纵向预测作用。Athlete burnout is an important issue in the sport field.Self-determination perspective has been paid more and more attention.According to self-determination theory,it was hypothesized that self-determined motivation could negatively predict athlete burnout.This study,consisting of both a cross-sectional and a longitudinal study,was designed to test this hypothesis.In the cross-sectional study,the predicting model from self-determined motivation to athlete burnout was well fit with 225 athletes.The longitudinal study with 60 Judo athletes demonstrated that the self-determined motivation at the beginning of the winner season could predict athlete burnout at the end of the winner season;what＇s more,the change of self-determination could predict the change of athlete burnout during the winner season.Theoretically,the present study provided evidence that athlete burnout could be explained from self-determination perspective;in practice,the present study implied that improving self-determined motivation could prevent athlete burnout.

关 键 词：自我决定 动机 心理疲劳 横向研究 纵向研究 

分 类 号：G804.8[文化科学—运动人体科学]