两系超级杂交稻主要农艺性状的配合力遗传分析  

Analysis of combining ability heritability of major agronomic traits of two-line super hybrid rice

作　　者：陈小龙[1,2] 邓启云[1,3,2,4] 吴丹[1] 刘英[1] 吴俊[3,2] 庄文[3,2] 李诚 李莺歌 

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]杂交水稻国家重点实验室,湖南长沙410125 [3]湖南杂交水稻研究中心,湖南长沙410125 [4]湖南袁创超级稻技术有限公司,湖南长沙410100

出　　处：《湖南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2013年第4期331-337,共7页Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：国家"863"计划项目(2012AA101103);2012年湖南省研究生科研创新项目(CX2012B280)

摘　　要：采用NCⅡ遗传交配设计,以生产上广泛应用的超级杂交稻骨干亲本Y58S、培矮64S等4个不育系,与远恢2号、9311等8个恢复系材料配制32个组合,考查F1株高、有效穗数等10个主要农艺性状,分析亲本一般配合力、组合特殊配合力和F1群体主要农艺性状遗传力。结果表明:①主要农艺性状的一般配合力和特殊配合力方差达到显著或极显著水平,除空秕粒数、结实率、单株产量外,其他7个性状的一般配合力方差贡献率大于特殊配合力方差贡献率,说明一般配合力比特殊配合力对杂种产量潜力的贡献更重要。②杂种F1株高、秆长、穗长、空秕粒数、结实率、单株产量受不育系影响较大,有效穗数、每穗总粒数、每穗实粒数、千粒重受恢复系影响较大,表明超级杂交稻产量的提高,关键在于亲本的改良,不育系应强调大"库"优势、提高库/源比,恢复系更应重视增"源"扩"库"。③不育系Y58S、广占63S和恢复系远恢2号、R0293一般配合力高,是选育超高产杂交水稻组合的优良亲本,杂交组合广占63S/远恢2号、广占63S/明恢63、Y58S/9311、P88S/R0293、培矮64S/Q460单株产量特殊配合力效应值高,具有培育成强优势组合的潜力。④产量性状的狭义遗传力大小依次为穗长、千粒重、穗实粒数、株高、秆长、每穗总粒数、结实率、空秕粒数、有效穗数、单株产量,穗长、千粒重、穗实粒数、株高为高遗传力性状。4 different photo-thermo-sensitive sterile lines （i.e. Y58S, etc.） and 8 restorers （i.e. 9311, etc.） were utilized by the method of incomplete diallel cross （NC 11 ） to make 32 crosses, which was used to observe and evaluate 10 agronomic traits such as plant height, number of panicles per plant in Fl hybrid rice, in order to analyze the combining ability and heritability. Results were （~）The general combining ability and the specific combining ability variances were significantly different in major agronomic traits at 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively. In addition to general combining ability variance of number of empty grains per panicle, seed setting rate, yield per plant, the other 7 traits contributed more than that of specific combining ability to Fi hybrid rice, which showed that the general combining ability was more important than the specific combining ability for hybrids yield potential. （~The plant height, straw length, panicle length, number of empty grains per panicle, seed setting rate, yield per plant of hybrid rice Ft were mainly influenced by female lines, while number of panicles per plant, number of grains per panicle, number of filled grains per panicle, l 000-grain weight were mainly affected by restorers. To increase the super hybrid rice yield, the key method should be the improvement of both parents. Breeding for female lines should emphasize the large sink and raise the ratio of sink/source, breeding for restorers should focus on enlarging the size of source and sink. ~）Sterile lines Y58S, Guangzhan63S and restorers Yuanhui2, R0293 were the better parents for Fl yield improvement because of their better the general combining ability in all parents. @The order of hn2 of 10 yield traits was panicle length, 1 000-grain weight, number of filled grains per panicle, plant height, straw length, number of grains per panicle, seed setting rate, number of empty grains per panicle, number of panicles per plant, yield per plant. And these characters, panicle length, 1 000-grain w

关 键 词：超级杂交稻 不育系 恢复系 产量性状 一般配合力 特殊配合力 遗传力 

分 类 号：S511.035.1[农业科学—作物学]