中国港口效率测度及提升研究  

Study on the Efficiency of China's Ports and Its Enhancement

作　　者：张小蒂[1] 邓娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学经济学院,浙江杭州310027

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2013年第4期39-51,共13页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71173181);浙江省哲学社会科学重点研究基地重点研究项目(11JDQY01Z)

摘　　要：依据港口实现其功能所发生的三种主要经济联系,可将港口效率内涵体系分解为港口内部运营效率、港口与港口之间的联网效率及港口对腹地经济的辐射效率三个重要层次。对中国主要港口三层次效率进行DEA测度,发现尽管部分港口在各层次上实现或接近DEA有效,但大多数港口仍存在不同程度的低效率,且未能完全实现港口效率体系的逐层提升。DEA测度的投影结果进一步显示,投入拥挤与产出不足是中国大多数港口非DEA有效的主要成因,而这种低效率源自港口体系内部因股权结构扭曲所导致的X非效率。由此,中国港口效率的提升有赖于要素配置主体的重塑、可竞争市场环境的构建以及相关各方的"激励相容"。With the deepening of international labor division and accelerated flows of products and factors,ports are playing a significant role in the global logistics network.As the key hub of resources allocation within the whole economic system,ports are supposed to be an increasingly more important breakthrough in terms of enhancing comparative advantage.It is urgent that China should endeavor to improve the efficiency of ports in order to enhance comparative advantage.Therefore,it is important to probe into the key factors affecting the efficiency of China＇s ports and the efficiency-enhancing methods accordingly.As a result of the new pattern of international labor division and evolvement of ports functioning,ports＇economic relationship are no longer confined within inside.Accordingly,the concept of port efficiency should not be confined to the functioning efficiency of a port per se.Instead,a new concept system of port efficiency should involve the Operative Efficiency within a port per se,the Network Configuration Efficiency between a port and other ports,and the Radiant Efficiency between a port and its hinterland,namely Port Efficiency Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ respectively.These three levels of port efficiency are inseparable,and interact with each other.From this perspective,research on port efficiency will have a strong explanatory power of reality.Based on the above-mentioned concept system,the three levels of efficiencies of China＇s main coastal ports are measured and assessed via DEA.It＇s found that the efficiency indexes of Yangtze River Delta and Shandong ports,Jin-Ji and Pearl River Delta ports,Southwestern and Liaoning ports,can be respectively regarded as high,medium and low.Among them,only the efficiency of Yangtze River Delta ports has been strengthened level by level,while most of China＇s ports,port clusters and port-hinterland are inefficient to some extent.Furthermore,the DEA projection shows that most of China＇s ports suffer from inefficiency as a result of input congestion and output deficiency

关 键 词：港口效率 DEA X非效率 可竞争市场 激励相容 

分 类 号：F552[经济管理—产业经济]