橡胶树不同品种雌花分布和座果规律研究  

Distribution of Pistillate Flowers and Disciplines of Fruit-set Success in Rubber Tree(Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.)

作　　者：张源源[1,2] 李国华[3] 龙青姨[3] 和丽岗[3] 康向阳[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]林木育种国家工程实验室,北京林业大学,北京100083 [2]林木、花卉遗传育种教育部重点开放实验室,北京林业大学,北京100083 [3]云南省热带作物科学研究所,云南景洪666100

出　　处：《植物科学学报》2013年第3期242-247,共6页Plant Science Journal

基　　金：林业公益性行业科研专项(20100400900)

摘　　要：以橡胶树(Hevea brasiliensis Muell.Arg.)RRIM600、GT1、RRII105、IAN873、RRIM712、PB217等6个品种为对象,对不同品种橡胶树雌花分布和座果位置进行了观察和统计。结果表明:不同橡胶树品种间,圆锥花序上雌花的个数、雌花在花序上的位置分布和结果侧枝上的花序数存在极显著差异。雌花和果实在圆锥花序上的分布规律相似,主要分布在圆锥花序的顶端和下部;结果花序主要分布在结果侧枝的下部,圆锥花序距离树干越远,则花序结果的几率越小。因此,在橡胶树杂交育种时,可以只对相关品种座果率高的结果侧枝相应位置上的花序及花序上相应的雌花进行授粉,而摘掉其余座果率低的花序和雌花,从而提高杂交育种效率和效果。The disciplines of pistillate flower distribution and fruit-set location of six cultivars were investigated in Hevea brasiliensis.Results showed that there were significant differences in the number of pistillate flowers,locations of pistillate flowers on panicles and number of panicles in fruit-set branches among different cultivars.Similar to the distribution of fruits on panicles,pistillate flowers were distributed on the top or lower positions of panicles.Pistillate flowers that produced fruits grew mainly on the lower positions of the fruit-set branches.The pro-bability of fruit-set decreased with distance between panicles and trunk increasing.Thus,based on the disciplines of pistillate flower distribution,fruit-set panicles and fruit,the efficiency of crossbreeding could be improved by pollinating panicles on the fruit-set branches with higher fruit-set rates and synchronously thinning pistillate flowers with lower fruit-set rates.

关 键 词：橡胶树 雌花分布 座果率 座果位置 杂交育种 

分 类 号：S794.104[农业科学—林木遗传育种]