环境因素对DNA甲基化的影响  

Influence of environmental factors on DNA methylation

作　　者：曹家雪[1] 张红平[1] 杜立新[2] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学动物遗传育种研究所,雅安625014 [2]中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所,北京100094

出　　处：《遗传》2013年第7期839-846,共8页Hereditas（Beijing)

基　　金：四川省科技支撑计划(编号:2011NZ0003;2011NZ0017);国家科技支撑计划项目(编号:2011BAD28B05-2)资助

摘　　要：在哺乳动物中,DNA甲基化是指在DNA甲基转移酶(DNA-methyl transferase,DNMT)的作用下,以S-腺苷甲硫氨酸提供甲基供体,将其甲基转移到脱氧胞嘧啶环第5位碳原子形成甲基化脱氧胞嘧啶的共价修饰。DNA甲基化改变组蛋白和DNA之间的相互作用,使染色质构象发生改变从而影响基因的表达,总体来说DNA甲基化水平与基因的表达呈负相关。越来越多的报道证实,环境因素可以影响表观遗传修饰,其并没有涉及遗传信息的改变,所以在一定范围内可以解释表型变化。文章围绕环境因素(温度、营养供给、异常化学因子、早期环境刺激和辐射等)对DNA甲基化产生的影响进行综述,这些影响包括亲代和子代DNA甲基化的改变及子代行为和表型变化等方面,以期进一步阐释环境因素与基因互作的关系。DNA methylation is catalyzed by a family of DNA methyltransferases （DNMTs） that transfer a methyl group from S-adenyl methionine （SAM） to the fifth carbon of a cytosine residue to form 5mC. DNA methylation affects the inter- action between the histone and DNA, which changes the chromosome structure and has reverse relationship with gene ex- pression in general. Up to now, more and more studies have confirmed that environmental factors can alter epigenetic modi- fications, which do not involve in changing DNA sequence. So it can explain the phenotype of creature in a certain degree. This article focused on the influence of environmental factors, such as temperature, nutrient supply, heavy metal, early stress and radiation, on DNA methylation change. As a matter of fact, it does not only change the DNA methylation in par- ents and offspring but also their behavior and phenotype. Overall, this review will help us get better understanding of the relationship between environmental factors and gene expression regulation.

关 键 词：环境因素 表型变异 DNA甲基化 表观遗传 

分 类 号：Q75[生物学—分子生物学]