白石砬子自然保护区几种主要植被类型土壤入渗特性研究  

Study on soil infiltration characteristics under several typical vegetation in Baishilazi Nature Reserve

作　　者：吕刚[1] 顾宇书[2] 魏忠平[2] 刘红民[2] 韩友志[2] 高英旭[2] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁工程技术大学环境科学与工程学院,阜新123000 [2]辽宁省林业科学研究院,沈阳110032

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2013年第5期780-786,共7页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家林业公益性行业专项(200904064)

摘　　要：为了深入研究辽东山区森林土壤的水源涵养功能,以白石砬子自然保护区内的6种主要植被类型下土壤为研究对象,采用野外双环试验和室内理化性质分析相结合的方法,研究了不同植被类型下土壤入渗能力及其与理化性质的关系。结果表明,不同植被类型土壤的初渗率、稳渗率、平均入渗率、渗透总量均表现为下层低于上层,最大值是最小值的近3倍;不同植被类型间土壤入渗能力差异较大,其中A层初渗率排列顺序为原生红松阔叶混交林>红松人工林>鱼鳞云杉臭冷杉林>农地>蒙古栎林>杂木林,B层初渗率排列顺序为鱼鳞云杉臭冷杉林>农地>杂木林>红松人工林>原生红松阔叶混交林>蒙古栎林,A层稳渗率排列顺序为红松人工林>鱼鳞云杉臭冷杉林>原生红松阔叶混交林>杂木林>蒙古栎林>农地,B层稳渗率以杂木林最大,为3.8 mm min-1,原生红松阔叶混交林最小,仅为1.1 mm min-1,其他4种植被类型土壤稳渗率几乎无差异,A层平均入渗率排列顺序为红松人工林>原生红松阔叶混交林>鱼鳞云杉臭冷杉林>杂木林>蒙古栎林>农地,B层平均入渗率排列顺序为杂木林>鱼鳞云杉臭冷杉林>红松人工林>蒙古栎林>农地>原生红松阔叶混交林,A层的渗透总量以红松阔叶混交林和红松人工林最大,蒙古栎林和农地相对较低,B层的渗透总量以杂木林最大,红松阔叶混交林最小;主成分分析评价的土壤入渗能力排序为红松人工林>鱼鳞云杉臭冷杉林>原生红松阔叶混交林>杂木林>蒙古栎林>农地,初渗率、稳渗率、平均入渗率和渗透总量等4个指标综合起来能够很好的表达土壤入渗能力,其主成分方差的累积贡献率为90.662%;不同层次土壤入渗速率与入渗时间均存在良好的幂函数关系;土壤的稳渗率、平均入渗率、渗透总量与非毛管孔隙度呈显著正相关关系,初渗率与非毛管孔隙存在相关性,但不显著。与容重存在�Choosing 6 different typical vegetation soil in the Baishilazi Nature Reserve as research objection, in order to study the soil water conservation of Liaodong mountainous forest. Using bicyclic experiment in the field and analysis the physical and chemical properties in laboratory to study the soil infiltration capacity under different vegetation types and the relationship with the physical and chemical properties. The results show that： the initial infiltration rate of the soil, the infiltration rate, the average infiltration rate, and the total permeability in different vegetation types performance underlying lower than the upper, the maximum is about 3 times than the minimum; The soil infiltration capacity were large differences in different vegetation types, where initial infiltration rate in A layer were in the order of Native Korean pine and broad-leaved mixed forest〉Korean pine plantation〉Smelly scale spruce-fir forest〉Agricultural land〉Mongolian oak forest〉Shaw, while in order of Smelly scale spruce-fir forest〉Agricultural land〉Shaw〉Korean pine plantation〉Native Korean pine and broad-leaved mixed forest〉Mongolian oak forest in B layer. The steady infiltration rate in A layer were in the order of Korean pine plantation〉Smelly scale spruce-fir forest〉Native Korean pine andbroad-leaved mixed forest〉Shaw〉Mongolian oak forest〉Agricultural land, but in the B layer, the Shaw＇s steady infiltration rate was maximum, the size was 3.8 mm.minl, while it was the minimum of Native Korean pine and broad-leaved mixed forest, the size was only 1.1 mm.min1, and the steady infiltration rate were almost no difference between other four vegetation types. The average initial infiltration rate in A layer were in the order of Korean pine plantation〉Native Korean pine and broad-leaved mixed forest〉Smelly scale spruce-fir forest〉Shaw〉Mongolian oak forest〉Agricultural land, while it was in order of Shaw〉Smelly scale spruce-fir forest〉Korean pine plantation〉Mongolian oak forest 〉Ag

关 键 词：土壤入渗 土壤水文 水源涵养 主成分分析 白石砬子 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]