1961—2010年宁夏无霜期变化特征  

Characteristics of frost-free days changes over Ningxia from 1961 to 2010

作　　者：张磊[1,2] 张晓煜[1,2] 李红英[1,2] 袁海燕[1,2] 王静[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏气象防灾减灾重点实验室,宁夏银川750002 [2]宁夏气象科学研究所,宁夏银川750002

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2013年第5期801-805,共5页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：科技部公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201206023);2011年度宁夏回族自治区科研院所专项

摘　　要：利用1961—2010年宁夏全区20个气象站的逐日最低气温资料,根据霜冻气候指标计算了各站逐年的无霜期。采用基础统计方法和气候诊断分析方法,研究了宁夏全区及不同区域的无霜期基本特征和变化趋势。结果表明:近50年来宁夏无霜期的空间差异明显,多年平均无霜期最长达166 d(吴忠站),最短仅有117 d(隆德站),空间差异最大为49 d;从时间上分析,1972年全区平均无霜期最短,只有121 d,2000年和2001年最长,达167 d,年际间最大相差46 d;在3个区域中,多年平均无霜期以及80%和90%保证率的界限值均是引黄灌区>中部干旱带>南部山区;近50年来,全区平均无霜期以4.7d/10 a的速率延长,3个区域的无霜期均呈延长趋势,其中南部山区的延长速率最快,达5.8 d/10 a;全区的无霜期在1982年发生突变,其中引黄灌区和中部干旱带的突变年与全区一致,南部山区的突变年提前了2年;从年代际看,20世纪70年代的平均无霜期最短,21世纪初的最长,两个年代相差20 d。宁夏无霜期呈现明显延长趋势,这与1961年以来宁夏平均气温明显升高的趋势保持一致,春、秋季的平均气温均在升高使得终霜日提前、初霜日推迟是无霜期延长的主要原因。如果不考虑其他因素,无霜期延长对宁夏的农业生产较为有利。Based on the daily minimum temperature data at 20 meteorological stations over Ningxia from 1961 to 2010, the frost-free days are calculated according to the climatic index on frost day. Using basic statistical methods and analyzing methods of climatic diagnosis, the climate characteristics and changes trend of frost-free days were studied. The results showed that the spatial distribution of frost-free days was obvious difference： the longest is 166 days（ Wuzhong weather station ）, and the shortest is only 117 days （ Longde weather station ）, the biggest difference of temporal distribution was 49 d; The temporal distribution of frost-free days was also obvious difference： The shortest is in 1972 （ 17 days ）, the longest is in 2000 and 2001 （ 167 days ）, and the shortest is only 117 days （Longde weather station）. The biggest spatial distribution＇s was 46 d. The sort order of the average annual frost-free days, frost-free days under 80% and 90% of the guaranteed-rate all were Yellow river irrigation area〉Middle dry area〉South mountain area. In recent 50 years, the frost-free days of Ningxia was lengthening with a tendency of 4.7 days per 10 years. Meanwhile the frost-free days of three regions all was obvious lengthening trend, and South mountain area＇s lengthening rate was the highest among them, up to 5.8 days per 10 years. Mutation of the frost-free days appeared in 1982 over Ningxia. Among three regions, Yellow river irrigation area and Middle dry area＇s mutation was the same, South mountain was 2 years in advance. Study of decadal changes of frost-free showed the longest frost-free days occur at 70s of the 20 century, and the shortest in early 21century, a difference of 20 days. The reasons for lengthening of frost-free days was that the first frost days was postponed, meanwhile the last frost day was earlier. On the whole, lengthening of frost-free days was more favorable for Ningxia＇s agricultural production.

关 键 词：无霜期 变化特征 气候诊断 

分 类 号：S161[农业科学—农业气象学]