闽西北地区不同林龄常绿阔叶混交林物种多样性比较  

Species diversity of ever-green broad-leaved mixed forest with different forest age in the north-west of Fujian province

作　　者：常云妮[1] 钟全林[1,2] 程栋梁[1,2] 徐朝斌[1] 胡波[1] 张治[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学地理科学学院,福建福州350007 [2]湿润亚热带山地生态国家重点实验室培育基地,福建福州350007

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2013年第6期955-960,共6页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31170596;31170374;30901151);国家农业科技成果转化资金项目(2011GB2C400005);福建省科技厅重点项目(2010I0004)

摘　　要：基于野外样方数据,按照林龄与垂直分布层次,分别采用Margalef丰富度指数(Dm)、Pielou均匀度指数(J)与生态优势度指数(C)计算式,对闽西北地区主要优势种为米槠(Castanopsis carlesii)、栲树(Castanopsis fargesii)、甜槠(Cadtanopsis eyrei)、青冈(Quercus glauca)等壳斗科植物为主的天然常绿阔叶混交林群落的物种多样性进行了调查与对比分析。结果表明:(1)不同龄组常绿阔叶混交林乔木层的物种多样性存在显著差异(P<0.05),以中龄林最为丰富,近熟林与成熟林次之,幼龄林最低,各龄组间的物种分布的均匀度与优势度差异不明显(P﹥0.05),近熟林J值最大,幼龄林C值最大;(2)不同龄组常绿阔叶混交林灌木层间的Dm、J、C值差异显著(P<0.05),以中龄林与成熟林内物种较为丰富,近熟林次之,幼龄林最低,物种分布以幼龄林内最为不均;(3)不同龄组常绿阔叶混交林草本层间的Dm、J、C差异显著(P<0.05),物种多样性以成熟林内最为丰富,幼龄林次之,近熟林内最低,成熟林与幼龄林内草本层物种分布较均匀,中龄林与近熟林内则分布较集中,其物种优势度较高;(4)不同龄组常绿阔叶混交林乔、灌、草层间的物种多样性不同。在幼龄林中,Dm值大小顺序为:乔木层>草本层>灌木层,J值为草本层>乔木层>灌木层。中龄林、近熟林、成熟林的Dm值大小顺序均为:乔木层>灌木层>草本层,J值为灌木层>乔木层>草本层。研究结果可为了解闽西北地区不同龄组常绿阔叶混交林群落结构的物种组成与动态变化特征,探讨常绿阔叶混交林近自然经营及其残次林改造技术,制定其生物多样性的生态保护决策等提供理论依据。Based on forest age and vertical distribution levels by using typical quadrat sampling method, the species richness index （Din）, evenness （J） and ecological dominance （C） often nature ever-green broad-leaved mixed forest communities in the north-west of Fujian province were calculated and analyzed. The dominant species were Castanopsis carlesii, Castanopsisfargesii, Cadtanopsis eyrei, Quercus glauca. The comparative study showed that, （1） The species diversity in different age groups of evergreen broad-leaved mixed forests were significantly different between tree layers （P〈0.05）, the half-mature forest was most abundant, the near mature forest and the mature forest were the second smallest and the lowest was the young forest. The evenness and dominance of the distribution of species between the various age groups were not significantly different（P 〉 0.05）. The near mature forest＇s J value was maximum and the young forest＇s C value was the largest. （2） The species diversity of different age group of evergreen broad-leaved mixed forest were significantly different between shrub layers （P〈0.05）. The half-mature forest and the mature forest were more abundant than the near mature forest. The evenness and dominance of the distribution of species in young forest were the worst. （3） The species diversity, evenness and dominance in different age groups of evergreen broad-leaved mixed forest were significantly different between herb layers （P〈0.05）, species diversity of the herb layer became the most abundant in mature forest, young forest, followed by the near mature forests. The evenness in the mature forest and young forest were first-rate. The half-mature forest and near mature forest were located mass and have higher species dominance. （4） The species diversity index of different age group in the community＇s vertical structure was significantly different. In the young forest, the order of the species richness index were tree layer〉 herb layer〉shrub layer,

关 键 词：物种多样性 林龄 壳斗科植物 常绿阔叶混交林 闽西北 

分 类 号：S474[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]