汕头市人口老龄化和住院疾病谱现状对卫生服务的影响及对策  

Influence of and solution to aging of population and disease spectrum in Shantou on the health service

作　　者：夏伟[1] 郑筠[1] 胡伟[2] 欧利民[1] 陈潮文[1] 倪书华[1] 郑佳纯[1] 

机构地区：[1]汕头大学医学院第一附属医院医院管理研究所,广东省汕头市515041 [2]广东省卫生厅政务服务中心

出　　处：《中国医院统计》2013年第3期183-185,188,共4页Chinese Journal of Hospital Statistics

基　　金：汕头市第六次全国人口普查课题

摘　　要：目的 了解汕头市人口老龄化和住院疾病谱现状,为调整地区卫生服务结构提供参考.方法 以60岁以上老年人口占人口总数的10%为划分老龄化社会的标准,采用低龄老人比重、高龄老人比重、老年人口年龄中位数对老年人口结构类型进行评价;利用医院统计报表,抽样调查汕头市二级以上医院出院病人179 215人,采用构成比、对比分析、描述性分析方法对抽样调查结果进行分析.结果 2010年汕头市已进入老龄化社会,处于中龄型向高龄型过渡阶段;60岁及以上老年人口住院前6位疾病在各系统疾病年龄段构成是：心血管疾病（68.49%）,脑血管疾病（67.51%）,眼和附器疾病（64.15%）,糖尿病（56.78%）,慢性下呼吸道疾病（47.52%）,恶性肿瘤（46.83%）;慢性疾病住院费用是平均住院费用的1.2~2.3倍;职工基本医疗统筹基金支出7年间增加46.21个百分点,人口迅速老龄化是重要原因.结论应加强慢性非传染性疾病的防治,促进卫生机构服务内容和方式的改变,扩大老年人口基本医疗保险覆盖范围.Objective To propose a reference to adjusting the health service construction of the area, we try to know the situ- ation of aging of population and disease spectrum in Shantou. Methods We adopted the standard of old people over sixty years old occupying 10% of the total population to divide the aging society. And we evaluated the type of elderly people construction by using the proportion of the younger aged, the proportion of the very elderly, and the median of the aged. We applied the pairing methods, comparison analysis and the descriptive analysis method to analyze the sampling survey results which were collected from 179 215 discharged patients chosen from the hospitals of the levels of Grade III and II in Shantou by means of hospital statis- tics. Results Since 2010 Shantou has been in the aging society and in the progress of changing from middle age to advanced age. The top 6 diseases of inpatients aged 60 and above were Cardiovascular Disease （ 68.49% ）, Cerebrovascular Disease （67.51%）, Eye and Adnexa Disease （64.15%）, Diabetes （56.78%）, Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases （47.52%） and Therioma （46.83%）. The hospitalization expense was 1.2 - 2.3 times of the average. And the reason why the basic medical care fund for staff showed an increase of 46.21% was that the aging of population was speeding up. Conclusion We should pay attention to the prevention and treatment of chronic non-communicable diseases. Besides, we need to change the contents and ways of health agency services, and extend the range of basic medical insurance of the old.

关 键 词：老龄化 疾病谱 卫生服务 汕头市 

分 类 号：R161.7[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]