黑龙江省龙卷风气候特征及其环流背景分析  

Analysis of the climate characteristics and atmospheric circulation background about tornadoes in Heilongjiang province

作　　者：姚俊英[1] 朱红蕊[2] 孙爽[2] 王春丽[2] 刘玉霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省气象服务中心,黑龙江哈尔滨150036 [2]黑龙江省气候中心,黑龙江哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《黑龙江气象》2013年第2期1-5,共5页Heilongjiang Meteorology

摘　　要：本文将黑龙江省1956-2009年222个龙卷风样本进行分类、分析时空分布特征、分析F2级以上龙卷风的环流背景并探讨其形成机制。结果表明:龙卷风有明显的时空分布特征,1956-1987年发生次数明显高于1988-2009年,一年中龙卷风主要集中在夏季,以7月最多,且多出现在午后至傍晚;龙卷风在空间分布上有明显的地域特征,山区很少或不发生,松嫩平原腹地是龙卷风高发地带,其中绥化地区出现的次数最多;龙卷风灾害呈并发性,主要是风灾,往往伴有冰雹、暴雨、雷击及飞射物,使灾害加重;不稳定的形势场是龙卷风产生的基础,暖湿气流的输送,冷暖空气的强对流运动为龙卷风的产生提供了条件。With the 222 tornado events data collected in Heilongjiang from 1956 to 2009,the characteristics,temporal distribution,circulation background and the formation mechanism of the tornado above F2 level were analized.It revealed that,There is apparent temporal（daily,monthly,and decadal） and spatial distribution for those tornado events,from 1956 to 1987 the quantity of tornadoes is much higher than that of the period after 1987.Most tornadoes concentrated in summer,especially in July,and it mostly appeared from mid-day to early evening.The tornado has obvious geographical characteristics in the spatial distribution,little or none happened in mountain,but more occured in Songnen Plain,especially in Suihua.There are many kinds of disasters causes by tornadoes,the most severe disaster is extremely strong wind,and the concomitant hailstones,heavy rain,lightning strikes and projectiles,those can make the disaster heavier.The unstable situation,moisture transports and the vertical motion provides the conditions for the production of tornadoes.

关 键 词：龙卷风 强度等级 时空分布 

分 类 号：P445.1[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]