不同氮肥类型对黄泥田双季稻产量及氮素利用的影响  

Effects of different types of nitrogen fertilizers on grain yield and nitrogen utilization of double-cropping rice in yellow clayey soil

作　　者：刘彦伶[1,2] 来庆 徐旱增 张宣[1,2] 吴良欢[1,2] 顾艳[1,2] 何艳[1,2] 孔向军 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学环境与资源学院,环境修复与生态健康教育部重点实验室,杭州310058 [2]浙江大学环境与资源学院,浙江省亚热带土壤与植物营养重点实验室,杭州310058 [3]杭州市萧山区农业综合开发办公室,浙江萧山311201 [4]金华市婺城区农林局,浙江金华321025 [5]金华市农业科学研究院,浙江金华321017

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2013年第4期403-412,共10页Journal of Zhejiang University:Agriculture and Life Sciences

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项资助项目(201003016);"十二五"国家水专项资助项目(2012ZX07101-012-04);"十二五"国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2011BAD11B02);国家自然科学基金资助项目(31071850;31172032);浙江省"三农五方"科技协作计划资助项目(2010)

摘　　要：采用大田试验,在施氮量为180kg/hm2氮肥供应下研究不同氮肥类型对黄泥田双季稻产量、干物质及氮素积累量、花后干物质积累量及氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明:与不施氮对照(CK)相比,各施氮处理早稻产量增幅77.7%～103.5%,效益增幅7 149～10 648元/hm2,晚稻产量增幅56.4%～72.9%,效益增幅8 055～10 950元/hm2;与普通尿素(prilled urea,PU)习惯施肥(PU 100%)相比,不同缓/控释肥料一次性基施处理在早、晚稻上的表现不一致,在早稻上脲甲醛(urea-formaldehyde,UF)一次性基施(UF 100%)和生化抑制尿素(urea withnitrapyrin,NPU)一次性基施(NPU 100%)处理、晚稻上生化抑制尿素一次性基施(NPU 100%)和70%硫磺树脂双包膜尿素(sulfur-polyester resin-coated urea,SPCU)掺混30%普通尿素一次性基施(SPCU 70%+PU 30%)处理能显著提高水稻产量、经济效益和氮肥农学利用率,增幅分别达9.9%、2 281元/hm2和3.7kg/kg以上,用NPU 100%处理的早稻和晚稻的氮肥利用率显著提高了27.3%和78.3%.从产量、效益和氮肥利用率各方面综合考虑,NPU 100%或UF 100%可作为早稻的适宜施氮模式,NPU 100%或SPCU 70%+PU 30%可作为晚稻的适宜施氮模式,NPU在早、晚稻上的表现均最佳,可在该区域双季稻上推广应用。Yellow clayey soil is one type of medium-low yield farmland,while rational applications of nitrogen fertilizer have great significance for enhancing its grain yield.Using controlled-release fertilizer as basal nitrogen fertilizer,single basal application is an effective way to improve the labor productivity,reduce fertilizing costs,increase farmer income,and also increase the yield and nitrogen use efficiency.However,its fertilizer efficiency is more affected by environment.Therefore,this study aims to look for suitable types and contents of nitrogen fertilizer for the double-cropping rice in yellow clayey soil in Jinqu Basin,and to provide theoretical basis for reforming medium-low yield paddy soil.A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of no nitrogen fertilizer（CK）,conventional fertilizer（prilled urea（PU）application of many times）and different types of controlled-release fertilizer as basal nitrogen fertilizer to single basal application on yield,dry matter and N accumulation,post-anthesis dry matter amount and nitrogen utilization of double-cropping rice in yellow clayey soil.The equal amount of nitrogen（N）application with 180kg/hm2 was used for each fertilizer treatment.The results showed that,compared with CK,nitrogen treatments significantly increased grain yield by 77.7% 103.5%on early rice and 56.4% 72.9%on late rice,with the profit increased by 7 149 10 648Chinese Yuan/hm2 and 8 055 10 950Chinese Yuan/hm2 respectively.Compared with convention fertilizer（PU 100%）,all treatments of controlled release fertilizers as basal nitrogen fertilizer to single basal application had different performance on early and late rice.The grain yield,profit and agronomic nitrogen use efficiency（ANUE）were significantly increased by more than 9.9%,2 281Chinese Yuan/hm2,3.7kg/kg,respectively,in the treatments of urea-formaldehyde（UF 100%）and urea with nitrapyrin（NPU 100%）on early rice,NPU 100% and 70%sulfur-polyester resin coated urea（SPCU）mixing 30%prilled urea（SPCU 70% ＋

关 键 词：氮肥类型 双季稻 产量 氮肥利用率 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学] S511.42[农业科学—农业基础科学]