坡位对猕猴桃园土壤动物群落结构的影响  

Community structure of soil fauna in kiwifruit plantation at different slope locations

作　　者：肖玖金[1,2] 黄晓丽[1] 卢昌泰[1] 郑家东[1] 张健[2] 杨万勤[2] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学都江堰校区,四川都江堰611830 [2]四川农业大学生态林业研究所,四川温江611130

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2013年第4期421-427,共7页Journal of Zhejiang University:Agriculture and Life Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2011BAC09B05);四川省教育厅资助项目(12ZB307;13ZA0258)

摘　　要：为了解坡位对猕猴桃园土壤动物群落结构的影响,采用手捡法和干湿漏斗法对四川省都江堰猕猴桃种植园土壤动物群落进行调查.结果显示:在猕猴桃园不同坡位共获土壤动物2 077只,分属13纲29目,坡上部以线虫纲和线蚓科为优势类群,坡中部以蜱螨目、线虫纲和线蚓科为优势类群,坡下部以弹尾目、蜱螨目和线虫纲为优势类群;除5～10cm土层外,其余各层土壤动物剖面分布均以坡上部最大,坡中部次之,坡下部最小,其中,草本层和0～5cm土层的干生土壤动物密度以坡上部高于坡中部和坡下部,5～10cm和10～15cm土层土壤动物密度均以坡上部显著高于坡中部和坡下部,0～5cm和10～15cm土层湿生土壤动物密度以坡上部显著高于坡中部和坡下部,5～10cm土层则以坡中部显著高于坡上部和坡下部,且均有统计学意义(P<0.05);在各坡位中,腐食性和杂食性土壤动物为主要同功能群,其在坡上部、坡中部、坡下部的比例分别为68.72%、76.81%和81.1%;不同坡位土壤动物多样性指数(H′)和均匀性指数(J)均表现为坡下部>坡中部>坡上部,即土壤动物多样性指标随着坡位的下降而逐渐上升,而优势度指数(C)表现为坡上部=坡中部>坡下部.表明不同坡位对猕猴桃园土壤动物群落多样性和分布产生了一定的影响.Soil fauna is an important component of soil ecosystems,which plays a significant role in the decomposition of biological remains,soil properties and the enhancement of material recycling and energy conversion in soils.Slope locations are one of the important topographical factors in mountain environments,which play an important role in driving the reallocation of water and light,and have a significant effecton plant growth,soil moisture,microbes as well as soil fauna.However,how do the slope locations affect soil fauna community is still unknown.Hence,this study focuses on the effects of slope location on the community structure of soil fauna in kiwifruit（Actinidia chinensis）plantation which was planted with the density of 2 500indiv./hm2 in 2000.Soil fauna at three different slope locations（upper slope,middle slope and lower slope） with four soil layers（herb,0-5cm,5-10cm and 10-15cm） in the kiwifruit plantation were studied.Macrofauna samples（n=3） were picked up by hand in each sampled slope with the area of 50cm×50cm（0.25m 2）.After recording the types of soil fauna,the samples were put into a container with alcohol and were transported to laboratory for detailed classification to family level.Mesofauna samples were collected by steel core（r=5cm,v=100cm 3） and were stored in soil fauna sealing black bags,then,the collected samples were transported to laboratory within 12hand were subsequently separated by Tullgren（n=3） and Baermann（n=3） methods over a period of 48 h,respectively.Microscopy for mesofauna was with an interval of 4hin order to prevent autolysis of Enchytraeidae,then was prolonged.All collected soil faunae were calculated and classified by microscope,and were identified to the order level following Pictorial Keys to Soil Animals of China.The results showed that a total of 2 077individuals of soil fauna,belonging to five phyla,13classes and 29 orders,were collected.The highest density of total species was in upper slope and lowest density was in lower slope.The domin

关 键 词：猕猴桃园 土壤动物 坡位 群落结构 

分 类 号：S154.5[农业科学—土壤学]