人力资本对农户兼业行为及其离农决策的影响研究——基于家庭整体视角  

Influence of Human Capital to Farmer Household's Concurrent Business Behavior and Decision of Separated from Agriculture:Based on the Perspective of Whole Family

作　　者：陈浩[1,2] 毕永魁[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏大学管理学院,江苏镇江212023 [2]江苏大学新农村发展研究院,江苏镇江212013

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2013年第8期90-99,共10页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目"我国城镇化进程中失地农户劳动供给决策与就业发展研究"(编号:12CGL074);教育部人文社科基金项目"长三角地区农户兼业行为及其彻底离农化对策研究"(编号:10YJA790016);国家统计局统计科研重点项目"城市化进程中失地农民的就业分化统计分析与对策研究"(编号:2011LZ002);江苏省"青蓝工程"人才项目;校人文社科基金

摘　　要：农户兼业行为演化的实质是由家庭成员个体就业行为决策和家庭集体劳动分工决策共同决定的,而人力资本通过影响非农就业对农户兼业决策具有内生作用,但这种作用机制既包括农民个体层面,更涉及农户整体层面。基于家庭整体视角分析了农户人力资本的理论特性,提出了农户人力资本对家庭兼业行为及其离农决策存在双重影响效应的研究假设,在此基础上,运用长三角地区1036户农户调研数据进行了实证研究。结果表明,农户劳动成员平均人力资本数量水平提升和成员间人力资本结构差距缩小,对提升农户非农化兼业程度以及增强其主动离农意愿具有积极意义,其中农户人力资本结构效应对农户离农决策更为显著;进一步比较发现,教育和迁移人力资本对长三角兼业农户的非农化发展和离农意愿具有显著促进作用,而受不同因素影响,健康和以非农工龄为衡量的技能人力资本的作用效应总体却并不明显。文章认为,要把促进兼业农户人力资本发展作为推动其非农兼业升级与离农决策的立足之本,在当前农地征用补偿政策思路上,要从单纯重视对失地农户短期"经济补偿",向扶持家庭成员人力资本投资以增强其长期非农就业发展之"能力补偿"转变,进而构筑可持续生计保障。The evolution of rural household concurrent business is essentially affected by the farmers＇ self-employment behavior together with their family collective division of labor, but the human capital constitutes the most important factor on decision of rural household concurrent business through a strong impact on the non-agriculture employment which is not only based on farmers individual but also involved of the whole family. This paper firstly analyzes the theoretical properties of farmer household human capital system, proposes a basic hypothesis of double effects to their concurrent business behaviors and decisions of thoroughly separated from agriculture under a overall rural households＇ perspective, and then gives a real diagnosis research based on 1 036 households data in the Yangtze-River-Delta region. It indicates that, the average level improved of family laborers human capital and the gap decreased among them could enhance the upgrading of farmer household＇s concurrent structure, and human capital structure effect of fanmer households plays a sighificant role in the decision of seperating from agriculture. Comparatively, the education and migration become two important factors to the rural household＇s non-agricultural development and the willing of seperating from agriculture on the Yangtze River Delta, but owing to different reasons, skilled human capital measured by health and length of service of non-agriculture employees, plays a insignificant role. The paper suggests that, in the long term, more attention should been paid to the improvement of human capital of family members of farmers in order to enhance their abilities of non-agricuhural employment rather than to merely paying attention to the short term economic compensation to the farmers who lose the land.

关 键 词：农户人力资本 兼业行为 离农决策 长三角地区 

分 类 号：F224[经济管理—国民经济]