青藏高原及其周边地区高山植物谱系地理学研究进展  

Advances in Phylogeography of Alpine Plants in the Tibetan Plateau and Adjacent Regions

作　　者：于海彬[1,2] 张镱锂[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2013年第6期1268-1278,共11页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41271068);国家重点基础研究发展计划(2010CB951704)

摘　　要：青藏高原及其周边地区是世界上高山植物最丰富的地区,通过谱系地理学研究可以探讨高山植物演化历史与高原隆升和第四纪冰期的关系。根据对已经报道的36种高山植物的谱系地理分析,其谱系地理模式主要表现为:一、冰期退却到高原边缘的避难所,冰后期回迁到高原面;二、地理隔离造成冰期存在多处避难所(含微型避难所),冰后期发生局域性扩张。青藏高原在晚第三纪的快速隆升促进了物种的分化和成种,而第四纪冰期更是加剧了物种的快速分化,高原隆升和第四纪周期性气候波动是形成青藏高原高山植物现代谱系地理格局的主要原因。横断山脉地区作为第四纪冰期高山植物的主要避难所,在进化生物学和保护生物学方面具有重要启示。最后在物种选择、采样策略、基因片段选择和研究方法等4个方面提出青藏高原地区谱系地理学的研究方向。Tibetan Plateau（TP）and adjacent regions have the most diverse of alpine plants in the world.The phylogeography of alpine plants in this region could explain the relationship between their demographic history with TP uplift and Quaternary glaciation.Base on the phylogeographic researches of 36 alpine plants in the published literatures,two generalized phylogeographic patterns were concluded：（1）Glacial retreat and subsequent recolonization of the platform from peripheral glacial refugia;（2）Existence of cryptic（or micro-）refugia outside the major glacial refugia,resulted from geographical isolation,followed local expansion during postglacials.The rapid TP uplift promoted intraspecific divergence and allopatric speciation within the late Tertiary,the followed periodic climate fluctuations accelerated the situation.These are the main reasons for shaping the modern phylogeographic patterns.Additionally,Hengduan Mountains as the major glacial refugia,have important implications for Evolutionary Biology and Conservation Biology.At last,several research fields of phylogeography of alpine plant in TP were provided,including species selection,sampling strategy,gene fragment selection and methods.

关 键 词：谱系地理学 高山植物 青藏高原 第四纪冰期 避难所 

分 类 号：Q948.2[生物学—植物学]