哈蒙主义的重新审视  

Re-examining the Harmon Doctrine

作　　者：胡德胜[1] 张青[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学法学院,陕西西安710049

出　　处：《河北法学》2013年第7期31-44,共14页Hebei Law Science

基　　金：国家社科基金项目<跨界地表水资源的法律与政策研究>(11BFX065)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：跨界地表水资源事关沿岸国社会和经济发展的根基以及生态环境保护的关键,其开发利用方面的利益分配成为有关国家明争暗夺的焦点。哈蒙主义或称绝对领土主权主义是上游国为争取有利于自己的制度安排而提出的一种政策性主张。它的产生体现了偶然性与必然性的统一,其消长也基于种种原因。虽然哈蒙主义于大多数学者看来在学术界从未获得广泛推崇,但是它的某些现实和客观作用至今仍然存在,是其他主义产生、形成或者发展的基础或者关键考量因素。需要深思的一个问题是:哈蒙主义真的一无是处、荡然无存了吗?作为世界上跨界河流最多的国家之一,我国需要基于对哈蒙主义的全面认识和深刻理解,在制定和实施跨界地表水资源开发利用保护的法律与政策时,注意扬其之长、避其之短。Transboundary surface water resources play an essential role in the riparian states＇ social and economic development and are of vital importance for the eco-environmental protection.The distribution of benefits generated from their development and utilization has always been a focus of disputes among related riparian states,and this makes the Harmon Doctrine or the doctrine of absolute territorial sovereignty come into being for the benefits of upstream states.The emergence of this doctrine is the result of unity of contingency and inevitability,and its weakness has its roots in various objective and subjective conditions.Although the doctrine has never been widely respected in the academic circle completely or to any great extent,it has some realistic functions and positive effects,and constitutes the essential or vital consideration for the occurrence,emergence or development of other theories on transboundary water resources,and one should considered deeply about whether or not the Doctrine is really obsolete or buried in fact due to its being out of any merit.In conclusion,as one of the countries that have many transboundary rivers worldwide,China should understand this doctrine deeply in a comprehensive way,and pay attention to taking its advantages and avoiding its shortcomings in the process of formulating and implementing laws and policies concerning the development,utilization and protection of transboundary surface water resources.

关 键 词：跨界地表水资源 哈蒙主义 绝对领土主权主义 公平合理利用 

分 类 号：DF933[政治法律—国际法学]