美国石油污染损害赔偿制度对我国的启示——以海洋石油开发为视角  

The Compensation System for Oil Pollution Damages of the United States is Inspirational to China——From the perspective of marine oil exploitation

作　　者：刘玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北科技大学文法学院,河北石家庄050018

出　　处：《河北法学》2013年第7期159-164,共6页Hebei Law Science

基　　金：河北省科技厅软科学课题<河北省经济可持续发展中的水权交易机制及资源管理>(10457211)

摘　　要：在海洋石油开发过程中,石油污染损害赔偿是石油污染事故的核心问题。美国的《石油污染法》确立了石油污染损害赔偿制度,明确界定了可申请赔偿的六项"损害",确立了赔偿的标准,设立了用于清理和赔偿的溢油损害赔偿责任信托基金。而我国没有专门的石油污染法,海洋开发石油污染损害赔偿制度散见于有关海洋环境保护的相关法律、法规中,且存在一些问题。因此,美国相关立法的启示,对于我国建立与完善海上开发石油污染损害赔偿制度,具有十分重要的理论和实践意义。In the process of exploiting marine oil,the compensation for the damages caused by oil pollution is an essential problem to oil pollution accidents.The Oil Pollution Act of 1990 of the United States established a compensation system for oil pollution damages.Not only had the system defined six types of damages according with compensations,it also set up a compensation standard,and the Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund（OSLTF） which is responsible for clean-up and compensation issues.In contrast,there are no specific oil pollution laws in China.The compensation system for oil pollution damages are scattered over relevant laws and regulations.As result,some problems related to the compensation issues are generated.Therefore,the inspiration from the related American Acts is significant to our practices and theories about establishing our own compensation system for oil pollution damages.

关 键 词：美国 海上开发 石油污染 损害赔偿 制度 启示 

分 类 号：DF468.3[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]