太原市空气污染对小学生呼吸系统症状的急性影响  

Acute effect of air pollution on respiratory symptoms of primary school students in Taiyuan

作　　者：高瑞红[1] 马利刚[1] 凌小凤[1] 张志琴[1] 刘力[1] 张燕萍[1] 赵宝新[1] 

机构地区：[1]太原市疾病预防控制中心疾病监测中心,山西030001

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2013年第7期587-592,共6页Journal of Environment and Health

基　　金：美国NIH Fogarty培训项目(5D43TW007864-09)

摘　　要：目的了解太原市重工业造成的空气污染对儿童呼吸系统症状的急性影响，探讨儿童呼吸系统症状与空气污染的相关性。方法于2008年7月1日-2009年6月30日以定群研究方法选择479名6—11岁儿童，通过填写小学生健康日志来记录每日呼吸系统症状。同时收集距学校1．5km处空气监测点PM10、SO2、NO2、CO日均浓度。应用广义估计方程（GEE）建立空气污染与小学生呼吸系统症状的剂量反应关系，估计污染物危险度。结果调整了个体水平的危险因素之后，SO2影响的估计值稳定。在滞后效应中，lagl～lag3和lag5危险度相对较高，SO2浓度每升高1个四分位数间距（63μg／m3），儿童呼吸系统症状增加8％～17％。在累积效应中，危险度随累积天数的增加而上升，SO2浓度每升高1个四分位数间距，儿童呼吸系统症状增加25％-74％。累积效应大于滞后效应。调整了其他污染物的影响之后，SO2的危险度略有升高，分析结果仍有统计学意义。结论大气SO2污染可能导致本次调查的小学生呼吸系统症状发生率上升。Objective To know the acute effect of air pollution on respiratory symptoms of primary school students in Taiyuan, a typical city with heavy air pollution caused by coal-related industry in China. Methods A panel of 479 primary schoolchildren aged 6-1 lyears were asked to record daily respiratory symptoms for one year. The data of concentrations of daily PM10, SO2, NO2 and CO were collected at one air quality monitoring site of local EPA within 1.5 km from the school. Generalized Estimating Equation （GEE） regression model was used to establish the association between air pollution and schoolchildren＇s respiratory symptoms. Results An association was confirmed between SO2 levels in ambient air and the daily occurrence of schoolchildren＇s respiratory symptoms. All resuhs concerning SO2 effects were statistically significant. The risk of lagl-lag3 and lag5 were relatively higher, ＇after adjustment for the effects of other pollutants, an increase of a quartile interval in SO2 was associated with about an 8%-17% increase in children＇s respiratory symptoms. For cumulative effect, the risks increased by cumulative period. The cumulative effects were obviously larger than Lag effects. These estimates were not appreciably altered by inclusion of individual characteristics in the models; the estimated odds ratios were generally consistent with and slightly higher than the findings of previous studies conducted outside of China. Conclusion SO2 levels in ambient air has adverse effect on children＇s respiratory health. It is urgent to adopt more stringent measures to reduce SO2 emission to protect children＇s health in local area.

关 键 词：空气污染 健康日志 儿童 呼吸系统症状 太原 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]