胜利油田水驱油藏内源微生物群落结构及分布规律  

Community structure and distribution of endogenous microorganism in water flooding reservoirs of Shengli Oilfield

作　　者：宋智勇[1] 郝滨[1] 赵凤敏[1] 高光军[1] 汪卫东[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石化股份公司胜利油田分公司采油工艺研究院,山东东营257000

出　　处：《西安石油大学学报（自然科学版）》2013年第4期44-50,8,共7页Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University（Natural Science Edition）

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(编号:2009AA063505)部分成果

摘　　要：根据胜利油田的油藏特点,在温度(55～91℃)、矿化度(3 000～20 000 mg/L)及渗透率((207～6 900)×10^(-3)μm^2)等油藏条件下,利用16S rDNA克隆测序技术研究了10个水驱油藏的内源微生物种群及分布规律.结果显示,油藏内源微生物由种类丰富的细菌和古菌组成.其中,细菌以变形杆菌门为主(其中Gammaproteobacteria数量占总菌数的41.4%,Betaproteobacter记数量占总菌数的25.0%),共计114个属;另外,古菌共计14个属.整体上涵盖了烃降解、产生物表面活性物质、产甲烷等多种驱油功能微生物,其中,石油烃降解菌Achromobacter、Arcobacter几乎分布于所有研究区块.群落结构受到油藏温度、矿化度、渗透率、水驱时间等因素的影响.较高温度的油藏中古菌种类以及细菌中Thermu.s、Thermincola、Thermanaeromonas等嗜热菌含量均显著提升.其中:90℃油藏的嗜热细菌数量占总菌数的23%,并出现了极端嗜热古菌Geoglobus;矿化度10 000 mg/L以上的区块,耐盐菌数量占总菌数的30%左右,约为该矿化度以下油藏的2倍,而较高矿化度下的严格厌氧、反硝化等代谢形式未形成优势;油藏渗透率提高和水驱时间的延长会显著提高微生物多样性,种属数量增幅可达1倍以上.以上结果表明:研究的各水驱油藏普遍具有实施内源微生物驱油的生物基础;不同的油藏环境导致微生物群落结构存在明显差异,微生物驱油的激活配方及注入工艺需进行针对性的设计和优化.16S rDNA clone and sequencing were carried out to determine the community structure of the endogenous microorganism in 10 different water flooded reservoirs of Shengli Oilfield,which were screened according to temperature(55 ~91℃).salinity (3 000 -20 000 mg/L),permeability((207 ~6 900)×10^(-3)μm^2)and some other factors.The results show that the communities of the endogenous microorganism consist of diverse bacteria and archaea.114 kinds of bacteria are detected,which are dominated by Proteobacteria (Gammaproteobacteria 41.4%,Betaproteobacteria 25.0%).There are 14 kinds of archaea.As a whole,all kinds of micro-organism required for microbial oil displacement are included,such as hydrocarbon-degrading microorganism,surfactant producing microorganism and methane producing microorganism,etc.Achromobacter and Arcobacte for hydrocarbon degrading can be found almost in all the investigated reservoirs.The community structures of endogenous microorganism are influenced by temperature,salinity,permeability and water flooding time.In the reservoirs with higher temperature,there are more archaea and thermophile bacteria such as Thermus, Thermincola,Thermanaeromonas.Especially in 90℃reservoir,thermophile bacteria content reaches to 23%,and there is extreme thermophile Geoglobus.In the reservoirs of higher salinity(> 10 000 mg/L),halotolerant bacteria content is about 30%,which is about as two times as that in the reservoirs of lower salinity.But strict anaerobic and denitrification strain doesnt take advantages under higher salinity.Besides,higher permeability and longer water flooding time could increase the diversity of the communities,and the number of the communities can increase by above one times.It is concluded that all the investigated reservoirs contain abundant endogenous micro-organism, and in them all there is biological basis for microbial enhanced oil recovery.But there is difference in microorganism community structure in different environmental reservoirs.So the formula design and the injection technolo

关 键 词：微生物提高采收率 内源微生物 微生物群落 群落结构 群落分布 水驱油藏 16S rDNA克隆测序技术 胜利油田 

分 类 号：TE357.9[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程] Q938.1[生物学—微生物学]