我国城乡结构调整和城镇化关系研究——一种新经济地理学的视角  

Study on the Relationship between the Adjustment of Urban-rural Structure and Urbanization in China——From the Perspective of New Economic Geography

作　　者：安虎森[1] 吴浩波[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学经济研究所

出　　处：《中国地质大学学报（社会科学版）》2013年第4期85-90,140,共6页Journal of China University of Geosciences(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目"十二五时期调整城乡结构和推进城镇化研究"(10AZD004)

摘　　要：通过构建城乡结构和谐度指数,对我国城乡结构的不和谐程度进行了定量分析,结果表明:我国城乡结构不和谐的实质是城镇化滞后于就业结构的非农化,就业结构的非农化又滞后于产业结构的非农化。根据新经济地理学原理,贸易成本的下降是推进城镇化进程的关键。我国城乡之间制度性障碍的存在(譬如户籍制度)造成城乡之间贸易成本的高企。这就要求在厘清市场与政府、效率与公平、短期与长期关系的基础之上,以公共资源配置均等化为目的,以继续放宽城镇户籍准入条件为手段,不断降低城乡之间的贸易成本,切实破除城镇化的制度约束,以加快城镇化为抓手促进城乡结构的调整。Through designing an urban-rural harmony index which quantitatively measures the structural differences between urban and rural areas,this paper comes to the conclusion that the essence of the disharmony would be the lag of the progress of China's urbanization—urbanization is lagging behind the non-agricultural process in employment structure,which,in turn,is lagging behind the non-agricultural process in industrial structure.According to the new economic geography,the decline of the cost of trade between urban and rural areas would be a key to the acceleration of urbanization.However,that cost of trade is still very high in China today because of the existence of many institutional obstacles,such as the 'hukou'system.Naturally,such institutional obstacles should be abolished step by step in the future.Thus,the government should not only set up the equalization for the supply of public service as its final goal,but also keep on relaxing the restrictions about the acquisition of non-agricultural household registration with the correct understanding of the relations between government and market,between efficiency and justice,and between short run and long run.Only in this way could the government promote the urbanization with a correct adjustment for such disharmonious urban-rural structure.

关 键 词：城乡结构 城镇化 城乡结构和谐度指数 新经济地理学 

分 类 号：F129.9[经济管理—世界经济]