机械同步深施肥对水稻品质和养分吸收利用的影响  

Effects of deeply mechanized fertilizer application on rice quality and nutrient absorption and utilization of direct seeding rice

作　　者：莫钊文[1] 潘圣刚[1] 王在满[2] 罗锡文[2] 田华[1] 段美洋[1] 唐湘如[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学农学院/农业部华南地区作物栽培科学观测实验站,广州510642 [2]华南农业大学工程学院,广州510642

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2013年第5期34-39,共6页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：广东省农业攻关项目(2004B20101007);广东省教育部产学研结合项目(2007B090400134)

摘　　要：以超级杂交稻培杂泰丰和超级常规稻玉香油占为材料,通过大田试验,研究精量穴直播水稻机械深施肥对水稻稻米品质、肥料(N、P、K)吸收利用的影响。结果表明:机械深施缓释肥对稻米品质和水稻N、P、K总积累量的影响因施肥量和品种而异。在0～1 500 kg/hm2范围内,增施机械深施缓释肥一定程度上可以提高精米率、整精米率、直链淀粉含量和蛋白质含量,降低垩白粒率。水稻N、P、K总积累量及每100 kg稻谷需N、P、K量与稻米碾磨品质、直链淀粉含量及蛋白质含量呈正相关,与垩白粒率呈负相关。N、P、K稻谷生产效率和干物质生产效率表现出相反趋势。机械深施缓释肥1 200 kg/hm2(F1)是获得较优的品质和较高的养分吸收与利用率的肥料水平。Using super hybrid rice Peizataifeng and super inbred rice Yuxiangyouzhan as materials,field experiment was carried out to access the effects of deeply mechanized fertilizer application on rice quality,fertilizer use efficiency,nutrient accumulation.Results showed that effects of mechanical deep application of slow-release fertilizer on rice quality and rice N,P and K total accumulation were different due to the dosage of fertilizer and the difference of variety.To some extent,mechanical deep application of slow-release fertilizer can improve milled rice rate,head milled rice rate,amylose content and protein content,reduce chalky rice rate when the increase of fertilizer rate ranged from 0 kg/hm2 to 1 500 kg/hm2.Total N,P and K accumulation and fertilizer（N,P and K） absorption of 100 kg grain showed positive correlation with rice,processing quality,amylase content and protein content,but negatively correlated with chalky rice rate and contrary to N,P and K used efficiency for grain and biomass.Deeply mechanized fertilizer application at rate of 1 200 kg/hm2（F1）was well in obtaining high rice quality and enhancing nutrient absorption and utilization.

关 键 词：机械深施肥 水稻 直播 稻米品质 养分吸收利用 缓释肥 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S504.8