成土母质与利用方式双重影响下红壤团聚体的组成特征与稳定性研究  

Composition Characteristic of Soil Aggregates and Their Stability in Red Soils As Affected by the Soil Parent Materials and Land Use Types

作　　者：王艳玲[1,2] 王燕[1] 李凌宇 李少鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学应用气象学院,江苏南京210044 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,江苏南京210008 [3]广东省肇庆市气象局,广东肇庆526000

出　　处：《土壤通报》2013年第4期776-785,共10页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室开放基金项目;国家自然科学基金项目(No.40901146);江苏省高校大学生实践创新项目资助

摘　　要：在江西省鹰潭农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站(28°04′～28°37′N,116°41′～117°09′E)外,随机选取了第四纪红黏土、第三纪红砂岩和花岗岩发育的林地、灌丛、旱地和稻田共12个类型组合的红壤,采用干-湿筛法,对不同成土母质与利用方式下的红壤进行了团聚体粒径组成与稳定性的研究,结果表明:12个类型组合的红壤中,除花岗岩发育的灌丛红壤外,土壤机械稳定性团聚体的粒径组成大小顺序均为(>2 mm)>2～0.25 mm>0.25～0.053 mm>(<0.0.53 mm);浸水湿筛后,>2 mm的水稳定性团聚体所占比例显著降低,2～0.25 mm、0.25～0.053 mm和<0.053 mm的粒径数量增加显著。土壤机械稳定性团聚体的平均重量直径(MWDd)与红壤结构破坏率(PAD)呈显著正相关关系,可以用来表征红壤结构稳定性的大小,MWDd与水稳定性团聚体的平均重量直径(MWDw)之差(△MWD)与PAD呈显著负相关关系,即△MWD值越大,红壤的稳定性就越差。不同成土母质与利用方式影响下红壤团聚结构组成与稳定性变化差异显著,因此,在红壤资源开发利用过程中要综合考虑二者的交互作用,以提高红壤资源利用的实效性与高效性。A total of 12 combination soils were randomly collected from the sites nearby the Ecological Experimental Station, in Liujiazhan near Yingtan, Jiangxi Province, China （28°04＇-28°37＇N,116°41＇-117°09＇E）. They included three soil parent materials （i.e. originated from the Ganite, Tertiary Red Sandstone and Quaternary Red Clay） and four land use types （i.e. forest, bush, upland and paddy）. The mechanical-stable and water-stable aggregates in different sizes were collected through the dry-wet sieving method, then the composition characteristics of soil aggregates and their stability in the 12 red soils were discussed. The results showed that the proportions of different size mechanical-stable aggregates in the tested red soils, except for Bush soil originated from Granite, ordered as 〉 2 mm 〉 2 - 0.25 mm 〉 0.25 - 0.053 mm 〉 〈 0.0.53 mm. Proportions of 〉 2 mm water-stable aggregates were significantly decreased after wet sieving, but 2 - 0.25 mm, 0.25 - 0.053 mm and 〈 0.053 mm water-stable aggregates increased significantly. There was significant positive relationship between the mean weight diameter of mechanical-stable aggregates （MWDd） and the percentage of aggregate destruction （PAD） in tested soils, and they could be used to characterize the stability of soil structure. The △MWD and PAD had significant negative relationship, i.e. the increasing of △ MWD accompanied with the decreasing of soil stability. The interaction effects of soil parent material and land use types on soil aggregate composition and their stability were obvious. Therefore, the soil parent materials and land use types should be considered together during the development and utilization of red soil resource.

关 键 词：成土母质 土地利用方式 红壤团聚体 平均重量直径 结构破坏率 

分 类 号：S152.4[农业科学—土壤学] S153.6[农业科学—农业基础科学]