灌溉和施磷对紫花苜蓿分枝数、干草产量及水分利用效率的影响  

Effect of Irrigation and Phosphor Supply Levels on the Number of Shoot, Hay Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Alfalfa

作　　者：霍海丽[1] 王琦[1] 师尚礼[1] 张恩和[2] 王田涛[2] 刘青林[2] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学草业学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《土壤通报》2013年第4期905-911,共7页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金："十一五"国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD14B10);国家牧草产业技术体系专项资助项目资助

摘　　要：甘肃省河西绿洲灌区石羊河流域大水漫灌较普遍,水分利用效率较低。紫花苜蓿田间管理粗放,生产力较低。在研究区域设计大田试验,研究不同灌溉量(节水40%灌溉(198 mm)、节水20%灌溉(264 mm)和常规灌溉(330 mm))和施磷量(0、60、120和180 kg P hm-2)对紫花苜蓿(Medicago sative L)分枝数、干草产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,常规灌溉、节水20%灌溉和节水40%灌溉的紫花苜蓿分枝数分别为2086、1862和1660枝m-2,干草产量分别为18882、17045和14626 kg hm-2,WUE分别为21.80、23.70和24.68 kg hm-2mm-1。紫花苜蓿分枝数和干草产量随灌溉量增加而增加,水分利用效率(WUE)随灌溉量增加而减少。紫花苜蓿分枝数、干草产量和WUE随施磷量先增加后降低,当施磷量达到P 60 kg hm-2时,紫花苜蓿分枝数达到最大值(2056枝m-2);当施磷量达到P 120 kg hm-2时,紫花苜蓿干草产量(19114 kg hm-2)和水分利用效率(26.50 kg hm-2mm-1)达到最大值。根据试验结果分析,综合考虑紫花苜蓿干草产量和水分利用效率,建植3年的紫花苜蓿以灌溉量264 mm和施磷量为P 120 kg hm-2为最优组合。Flood irrigation was common, thus water use efficiency （WUE） was low, and the rough field management was the main cause of low hay yield of alfalfa in the Hexi oasis of the Shiyang River basin, Gansu province. A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different irrigation amounts （conventional irrigation-330 mm, 20% water-saving irrigation-264 mm and 40% water-saving irrigation-198 mm） and phosphorus （P） application rates （0, 60, 120 and 180 kg hm^-2） on number of shoot, hay yield and WUE of alfalfa. Under the conditions of the conventional irrigation, 20% water-saving irrigation and 40% water-saving irrigation, the numbers of shoot were 2086, 1862 and 1660 m^-2 and the hay yields were 18882, 17045 and 14626 kg hm-z, respectively, while WUE were 21.80, 23.70 and 24.68 kg hm^-2 mm^-1, respectively. The numbers of shoot and the hay yields of alfalfa increased with irrigation amounts, but the WUE decreased. The numbers of shoot, the hay yields and the WUE of alfalfa increased with P supplies at first, and then decreased. When the P application rate was 60 kg P hm^-2, the number of shoot （2056 m^-2） of alfalfa reached the highest level. And the total hay yield （19114 kg hm^-2） and the WUE （26.50 kg hm^-2 mm^-1） of alfalfa reached the maximum as the P application rate reached 120 kg hm^-2. Comprehensively considering for the hay yield and WUE, the treatment of 264 mm of amount of irrigation combined P supply level at rate of 120 kg hm^-2 was the best choice for the third year alfalfa planting in Hexi oasis, Gansu Province.

关 键 词：灌溉 施磷 紫花苜蓿 分枝数 干草产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S27[农业科学—农业水土工程] S54[农业科学—农业工程]